Energy Transfer In Exercise

Immediate Energy
• ATP-PCr System
• 5-8 sec of max intensity exercise
• Sprinting, football, weight lifting baseball,
volleyball, etc.
 Short-Term Energy
• Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic glycolysis)
• Maximal exercise between 60-180 seconds
• Increases blood lactate
• Lactate ranges from .5 – 20 mmole.L-1
• Half-life is ~ 15-30 min
• Removal is fasted during low-moderate
aerobic exercise
 Lactate Accumulation
• Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
(OBLA)
• Blood Lactate Threshold
• Anaerobic Threshold
 Trained vs Untrained
• Genetic endowment
– Muscle fiber type
– Blood flow characteristics
• Local training adaptations
– Less lactate production
– Greater lactate production
– Greater lactate removal
 Long-Term Energy
• Oxygen consumption , oxygen uptake
• VO2
• Resting values
• Submaximal values
• Maximal values
 Units for VO2
• Absolute Units
– ml.min-1
– L.min-1
• Relative Units
– ml.kg-1.min-1
 Reasonable VO2 Values

ml.kg-1.min-1 ml.min-1 METS

Rest 3.5 200-300 1

Maximal 40-55 2500-4000 11.4-15.7

Elite 75-85 5000-60000 21.4-24.3

 Where Does the O2 Go?
• Resynthesize ATP and PCr
• Resynthesize lactate to glycogen
• Oxidize lactate
• Restore O2 to myoglobin
• Increased HR and ventilation
• Increased catecholamines
• Elevated core temperature