SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Subject, verb. Object, etc

DEFINITION
 SENTENCE is a group of words expressing a
complete thought. It contains subject and
predicate, begins with capital letter and ends
with full stop.
 Ex. He reads.

He is reading a book.
He is reading a book in the library now.
The diligent boy in the library is reading a
book.
PARTS OF SENTENCE
 Parts of Sentence are : subject, predicate( verb), object,
complement, adverb ( Modifier).

 Subject: is the agent of sentence in the active voice.

Usually, subject come at the beginning sentence. It can
be expressed by: Noun. Noun phrase, Noun Clause and
Pronoun.

 Ex. Ahmad is playing football now.

The young boy visits his friend every Sunday.
What he tells is very important.
He always tells his experience to his friends.
PARTS OF SENTENCE
 Predicate : is verb follows the subject in
declarative sentence. It can be expressed by
verb itself and one or more auxiliaries. Verb
consisted of: linking be, linking verb,
transitive and intransitive verb.
 Object : it can be expressed by noun or

pronoun like the subject. Object consisted

direct and indirect object.
 Direct object : Receive the action of transitive

verb. It answers what or whom.

PARTS OF SENTENCE
 Indirect object : Benefits from the action of transitive
verb. It answers to whom or for whom. Indirect object
is also called prepositional object because indirect
object is usually preceded by preposition “to/for”

 Example:
 My father sends me some money every month. ( me =
Indirect. Some money = Direct object). “me” is
indirect object although the position comes directly
after the verb sends.
 My father sends some money to me every month. ( me
=indirect object , some money = direct object)
PARTS OF SENTENCE
 Complement: it usually comes after the linking be
and linking verb, state about condition not action. It
can be expressed by noun , pronoun , adjective,
adverb, etc.
 Ex.They are happy.
He looks tired.
She is in the bedroom
 Adverb : It modifies verb. It consisted adverb of time (
now, yesterday, last night tomorrow, etc), place (here,
there, at home, etc) frequency ( always, often,
usually, sometimes, etc) manner, ( fast, quickly,
regularly, well, etc) etc
KINDS OF SENTENCES
 CLASSIFYING SENTENCES BY MEANING

Kinds of Meaning Usually Usually ends

Sentence Expressed begins with……….
with………
Declarative/ Declares/ A subject Full stop(.)
Affirmative statement
EX. I will go to
the store.

Interrogative Question A Wh- word / Question

Ex. Will you go auxiliaries mark(?)
to the store?
Where will you
go?

Imperative commands A verb Full stop (.)

Ex. Please, Go
SENTENCE PATTERN

 There are five basic sentence patterns :

1. Subject + linking Be+ complement + ( adverb)

Ex. The students are in the library ( now).
2. Subject + Linking Verb + Complement + (Adverb)
Ex. You look tired.

3. Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + ( adverb )

Ex,. The students are reading a book in the library.
4. Subject + Transitive Verb + Object 1+ Object 2 + ( adverb)
Ex. My friends send me some flowers every month.
Or My friends send some flowers to me every month.

5. Subject + Intransitive Verb + (adverb).

Ex. I go to the library every morning.
Pattern no 1 and 2 called Nominal sentence.
Pattern no 3, 4 and 5 called verbal sentence
KINDS OF VERBS AS PREDICATE
 Linking Be : State condition ( is, am, are, was , were,
been, being, to be).
 Linking Verbs : state condition : (become, feel, look,
appear, taste, sound, etc)
 Transitive Verbs : State Action that need the object ( sing,
read, listen, etc)
 Transitive verbs : state action which can be followed two
objects (direct or indirect object) Ex. give, send, bring,
forgive, etc
 Intransitive verbs : States action without object
NOMINAL SENTENCE
 A sentence which uses linking be and linking verb as its
predicate. the predicate doesn’t state the action but
condition.
 Ex. The new students are in the library.
They are diligent students.
Mario becomes a soldier.
He looks very happy.
 Note: the predicate of these sentences above is are,
becomes and looks . They don’t state the action but the
condition.
VERBAL SENTENCE
 A sentence which uses transitive and intransitive
verbs as its predicate. The predicate states the
action.
 To identify whether this verb transitive or

intransitive , it must be seen from the function of

this verb in the sentence.
Example:
My baby drinks a bottle of milk every morning.
( drink= transitive/ followed by object)
The horse runs fast (runs= intransitive/ without
object)