Reproductive Health: Show you care, be

aware
Hygiene & Family Planning
 ANO ANG
REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH?
Ito ay tumutukoy sa pangkahalatang kalusugang pisikal,
pangkaisipan, at panlipunan na may kinalaman sa
reproductive system at sa paraan at proseso nito.

Nakapaloob dito ang karapatan ng mga tao na magkaroon ng

kaalaman at kakayahang mamili ng nais niyang paraan ng
pagpaplano ng pamilya na naaayon sa batas, ligtas, epektibo,
at abot-kaya
ANO ANG R.A 10354 O REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
LAW?

• Layuning magbigyang serbisyong

pangproduktibo pasa sa lahat
• Ipinapatupad nito ang family planning o
pagpaplano ng pamilya
• Ipalaganap sa buong bansa ang mga paraan ng
kontraseption, edukasyong seksuwal, at
pangangalaga sa ina
 TOPICS
Reproductive System Overview Menstruation and Menopause

Importance of Reproductive Health Importance of Family Planning

Care

Reproductive Health and Hygiene

Types of Contraceptives
Tips
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Ovary
It is an organ in the
female reproductive system
that produces an ovum.
When released, this travels
down the fallopian tube into
the uterus, where it may
become fertilized by a sperm
.
Uterus
Your uterus is a pear-shaped
organ in the reproductive
system. It's where a fertilized
egg implants during
pregnancy and where your
baby develops until birth. It's
also responsible for your
menstrual cycle.
Vagina
is a muscular canal lined with nerves and
mucus membranes. It connects the
uterus and cervix to the outside of the
body, allowing for menstruation,
intercourse, and childbirth.
Fallopian Tube
Fallopian tubes are an
important passageway for an
egg and a sperm to meet and
for a fertilized egg (embryo)
to make its way to your
uterus.
Cervix
Your cervix is a passage that
allows fluids to flow inside
and out of your uterus. It's
also a powerful gatekeeper
that can open and close in
ways that make pregnancy
and childbirth possible.

Reproductive Problems
Cervical cancer occurs when cells
of the cervix grow abnormally and
develop the ability to invade
nearby tissues or spread to other
parts of the body, such as the
abdomen or lungs.
upper vagina. Ligaments hold the
uterus in proper position so that it
does not prolapse or herniate into
the vagina. Severe prolapse can
result in the uterine cervix
protruding from the vaginal
opening. Surgical repair is typically
required to restore the uterus to its
proper anatomical position.

Problemhormone
PCOS is a very common 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Problem 4
problem for women of Vaginitis is inflammation of the
childbearing age. Women with vagina — and sometimes the vulva,
PCOS may not ovulate, have high as well. Symptoms may include a
levels of androgens, and have discharge that is yellow, gray, or
many small cysts on the ovaries. green; itching; pain; and a burning
PCOS can cause missed or sensation. There may also be a
irregular menstrual periods, excess foul vaginal odor and pain or
hair growth, acne, infertility, and irritation with sexual intercourse.
weight gain.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
• Delicate and complex system in
the body.
• It is essential to take steps to
protect it from infections and
injury and prevent problems
• Women’s health and women’s
reproductive health are high
priorities to improve women’s
health from menarche through
menopause
 WHY DOES MY VAGINA SMELL?
It’s natural for a vagina to have its own odor, it’s not
unhealthy or dirty.

Even though some vaginal odor is natural, you may also

experience some unpleasant smells. Your vagina’s odor
changes frequently, sometimes with your period or after
sex, for instance.
 NORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE
There are three things to look out for: color and consistency,
volume, and smell.

• COLOR AND CONSISTENCY

• Clear and watery discharge
• More clear, watery discharge after exercising
• Clear and stretchy like egg whites, it may be a sign that
you’re about to ovulate.
• Brown or bloody discharge at certain times in your cycle.
 NORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE
2. VOLUME
• increase in volume before ovulation
• decrease around the first or second day after ovulation
• increase when you're aroused

3. SMELL
• odorless or mild smelling. Mixing with urine or blood
from your period can change the smell of your discharge
WHAT IS ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Abnormal vaginal discharge may indicate an infection or other condition.

• Bloody or brown - sign of something more serious that can be

associated with abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain.
• Yellow - sign of a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
• Yellow or greenish with a bad smell - often, this is a sign of an STI
called trichomoniasis.
• Thick, white, cheesy, lumpy - this is a sign of a yeast infection
• White, gray, yellow, or greenish with a fishy smell - This may indicate
bacterial vaginosis.
 Reproductive Health Hygiene

HOW TO WASH YOUR VUVLA

• Wash your vulva with warm water.

• Use plain, unperfumed soaps to wash the area around the vagina gently
every day.
• Spread your lips apart and gently clean around the folds with a clean
washcloth or your hands. Remember to avoid getting water or soap inside
your vagina.
• Let the area dry naturally or pat it dry with a towel.
• Remember to also wash the area between your vulva and your anus every
day. Wash front to back, from your vulva to your anus, as this prevents
bacteria from spreading from your anus to your vagina or urethra.
 Reproductive Health Hygiene

TIPS FOR HEALTHY AND CLEAN

VAGINA

• The vagina is an extremely sensitive part of the reproductive system.

• Use plain, unscented soap to wash your genital area.
• Wipe from front to back after going to the bathroom.
• Pat the area dry with a clean towel after you rinse.
• Wear cotton underwear to prevent irritation and reduce moisture.
• Get out of wet clothes immediately after swimming or exercising.
• Change your tampons and pads often during your period.
• Use condoms or protection during sex and urinate afterwards to prevent
infections.
 Reproductive Health Tips

Maintain a
1
healthy life
style
Quit
2
.smoking.
Have
3 regular
screenings.
Always practice
4 a safe and
healthy sex life
 Reproductive Health Tips

5 Always ke
ep yourself
Track your
6 hydrated
monthly
Keep
periodyou
7 genitals
clean
Have a
8 regular
orgasm
 WHAT IS
MENSTRUATION?
 Menstruation is...

Also Why does

known as this
“period” happen?

A period is the 2 to 7 days that a
girl or woman has her menstrual
flow, which is when blood and
tissue leave her body through her
vagina.
Each month, blood and tissue build
up in the uterus to prepare for a
fertilized egg in case a woman
becomes pregnant. If the egg isn't
fertilized, that lining leaves the
body through the vagina and the
girl or woman has her period.
DOS AND DON’TS
 What should you do?

• Choose an • Bathe and wash

appropriate sanitary regularly
method

• Monitor menstrual
• Get proper advice
calendar.

• Keep yourself active • Change sanitary pads

and healthy every 6-8 hours
 What should you do?

• Eat nutritional food.

(Green vegetables, • Take proper rest
fruits, and nuts)

• Keep body hydrated • Always keep extra

by drinking water sanitary pads with
you
 Sanitary Methods

Pads Tampon Cup

• absorbs menstrual flow • reusable feminine hygiene
• absorbs and retais
during period product.
menstrual fluid, and
• inserted into the vagina • small, flexible funnel-shaped
isolate menstrual fluids
with or without an cup made of rubber or
from the body.
applicator. silicone that is insered into
the vagina to catch and
collect period fluid.
 What should you NOT do?

• Giving in to salt • Waxing or shaving

cravings

• Drinking a lot • Having unprotected sex

of coffee

• Wearing the
same sanitary product all • Smoking
day long
 What should you NOT do?

• Using perfumed or non-

perfumed • Skip sleep and food
perineal/vaginal hygiene
products

• Believing in myths and • Eating Junk or

wrong information. unhealthy food

• Getting Dehydrated • Eating spicy food

 MYTHS

Myth #3
Myth #1 • Your period should last exactly
one week each month.
• You can't get pregnant during
your period.

Myth #4
Myth #2 • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is
all in your head.
• should avoid activities like
exercise and sex when you're on
your period.
 MYTHS

Myth #7
Myth #5 • Avoid drinking coconut water
during periods
• There's one best way to deal with
period blood.

Myth #8
Myth #6 • When you get your menarche (your
first flow) in your teenage years,
wash your face with the blood so you
• unsafe to use birth control pills to
won’t get pimples
enable to skip period for a prolonged
period.
 MYTHS

Myth #11
Myth #9 • Don’t take a bath during your
period, you’ll be infertile.
• Tampons will break your hymen
and make you impure.

Myth #12
Myth #10 • Attending a wake during your period
will make your menses foul-
smelling.
• Jump off the stairs from three steps up
so that your period will last for only
three days.
 FACTS

Fact #1 Fact #3
Irregular periods
Periods can be
can often be
irregular due to
treated with birth
stress or illness
control pills or
other hormonal
treatments

Fact #2 Fact #4
Abnormal bleeding You can still get
can indicate more pregnant if you’re
serious health on your period
issues
Family Planning:
What is it?

OCTOBER
S M T W T F S

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30
It is having the desired number of
children and when you want to have
them by using safe and effective
modern methods. Proper birth spacing
is having children 3 to 5 years apart,
which is best for the health of the
mother, her child, and the family.
Benefits of Family
Planning
1. Pregnancy complications can be minimized
2. Adolescent pregnancies can be reduced
3. Infant mortality rates can be cut down
4. Sexually-transmitted infections can be prevented
5. People get educated and empowered
ARTIFICIAL WAY OF
FAMILY PLANNING
Birth Control Pill

The most common type uses estrogen and

progestin to prevent ovulation. It's very effective if
taken right. About 8% of women who use it get
pregnant. You'll need a prescription for it.

Pros: Lighter, more regular periods or no periods,

depending on the type. Less cramping.
Cons: No STD protection. May cause breast
tenderness, spotting, blood clots, and raised blood
pressure. Some women shouldn't use it due to health
risks.
Birth Control Patch

Women who forget to take daily pills may

want the Ortha Evra, Twirla or Xulane patch.
You wear it on your skin and change it once a
week for 3 weeks, then go a week without it.
It releases the same hormones in birth control
pills and works just as well.

Pros: Lighter, more regular periods with less

cramping. No need to remember a daily pill.
Cons: May cause skin irritation or other side
effects similar to birth control pills. No STD
protection.
Spermicide
This is a foam, jelly, cream, or film
that goes into the vagina before sex
that contains a chemical that kills
sperm.

Pros: Easy to use, inexpensive.

Cons: May make STDs more likely,
and 29% get pregnant during first
year of use.
Emergency
Contraception

This method works after sex to

help avoid pregnancy. This is an
option if you didn't use
contraception or if a woman
suspects their usual method
failed.
Vaginal Ring

The vaginal ring is a soft plastic ring that

goes inside the vagina. It releases the same
hormones as the pill and patch, and it work
just as well to prevent pregnancy.
Pros: Lighter, more regular periods. Less-
frequent replacement.
Cons: May cause vaginal irritation or othe
side effects similar to pills and the patch.
Doesn't protect against STDs.
Birth Control Shot

it's a hormonal shot that protects against

pregnancy for 3 months. For the typical
couple, it works better than the birth
control pill. Only 3% of users get
pregnant in a year.

Pros: Injected only 4 times per year,

highly effective.
Cons: May cause spotting and other side
effects. Doesn't protect against STDs.
Birth Control Implant

Nexplanon is a matchstick-sized rod that a

doctor places under the skin of a woman's
upper arm. It releases the same hormone
that's in the birth control shot.
Pros: Protects against pregnancy for 3
years and then must be removed. Highly
effective.
Cons: May cause side effects, including
irregular bleeding. Doesn't protect against
STDs.
Diaphragm
This is a rubber dome that women
place over their cervix before sex.
Pros: Inexpensive
Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor.
No STD protection. Can't be used
during your period due to a risk of
toxic shock syndrome.
Birth Control Sponge
It's made of foam and contains spermicide.
Women can place it against their cervix up to
24 hours before sex. It prevents pregnancy
about as well as the cervical cap. But unlike
that product or the diaphragm, you don't need
to get fitted by a doctor.
Pros: No prescription, effective immediately.
Cons: Can be hard to put in. No STD
protection. You can't use it during your period.
Male Condom

The latex condom blocks sperm from

entering the woman's body, which
protects against pregnancy and some
STDs.
Pros: Widely available, protects against
some STDs, inexpensive.
Cons: Effective only if used correctly
every time. Can't be reused.
Female Condom

This is a thin plastic pouch that lines the

vagina. A woman can put it in place up to
8 hours before sex.

Pros: Widely available, offers some

protection against STDs.
Cons: Can be noisy, 21% of users get
pregnant, and not reusable. Should not be
used with a male condom to avoid
breakage.
Cervical Cap

This device, also called the FemCap, is

similar to a diaphragm but smaller. It slips
into place over the cervix. You use it with
spermicide.
Pros: Can stay in place for 48 hours,
inexpensive.
Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor. No
protection against STDs. You can't use it
during your period.
NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING/
NATURAL CONTRACEPTION
ABSTINENCE
• This natural method involves
abstaining from sexual intercourse
and is the most effective natural birth
control method with ideally 0% fail
rate.
• It is also the most effective way to
avoid STIs.
Calendar Method

It is refraining from coitus during the

days that the woman is fertile.

Pros: NO side effects Enhances body

awareness

Cons: Unreliable, Inaccurate, Only

works if regular menstrual cycle
Basal Body Temperature

Basal temperature is the temperature of your body

when you are completely at rest.
After a woman ovulates, her body temperature
rises slightly.

Pros: The basal body temperature method has no

side effects. The only cost is the price of the
thermometer.

Cons: not accurately predict ovulation in all

women, Sometimes this method is not effective in
preventing pregnancy due to outside factors that
can affect basal body temperature.
The Cervical Mucus Method is good for
determining when you're fertile by using
your vaginal discharge as a way to
determine where you are in your cycle.

Pros: Tracking your cervical mucus for

either fertility or contraception is
inexpensive and doesn't have any side
effects.

Cons: not always easy to learn without the

guidance of your OB/GYN or doctor.
Ovulation Predictor Kits

A lot of women who want to get

pregnant use these to figure out when
they're most fertile. The kit comes
with a urine test that checks how
much luteinizing hormone (LH) you
have.
Pros: No drugs, inexpensive.
Cons: Limits spontaneous sex, and
the odds of getting pregnant are high.
Withdrawal
"Pulling out" is the age-old method
that relies on the man withdrawing
their penis from the vagina before
ejaculation.

Pros: Free, no need for devices or

hormones.
Cons: May be hard to do correctly.
No protection against STDs.
 LONGER AND
PERMANENT WAYS
IUD
That stands for intrauterine device. It's placed
inside a woman's uterus. The nonhormonal copper
IUD, ParaGard, works for as long as 10 years.
Must be replaced after 3-5 years. Both types make
it harder for sperm to fertilize the egg.
Pros: Long-lasting, low-maintenance. Hormonal
IUDs can make periods shorter and lighter.
Cons: Irregular or heavier periods. Copper IUDs
can make periods more painful. More expensive up
front, may slip out, may cause side effects.
Tubal Ligation

If you're sure you won't want to get

pregnant, you may be ready for permanent
birth control. The operation for women is
called tubal ligation, or "having your tubes
tied." A surgeon closes off the fallopian
tubes.
Pros: Permanent, nearly 100% effective.
Cons: Requires surgery, may not be
reversible, expensive. Doesn't protect
against STDs.
Vasectomy
Other than condoms, a vasectomy is the only
birth control option for men. A doctor
surgically closes the vas deferens, the tube
that carries sperm from a testicle. This
prevents the release of sperm but doesn't
affect ejaculation.
Pros: Permanent, cheaper than tubal ligation,
almost 100% effective.
Cons: Requires surgery, not effective
immediately, may not be reversible. Doesn't
prevent STDs.