Program planning for

success.
 Steps in program planning
1. Step 1: Review the results of the community needs assessment
• Provides information about target population’s nutritional problem or
need.
• When a gap in services id identified; a new program can be developed
to fill the gap.
• Provides information on: health status, health behaviours, availability
of health services, & values of people.
2. Step 2: define program goals & objectives.
• Outcome objectives – measurable changes in health or nutritional
outcome.
• Process objective – measurable activities carried out by team
members of program.
• Structure objectives – measurable activities surrounding budget,
staffing, management, resources, coordination.
• Develop smart objective.
3. Step 3: Develop a program plan:
- Consists of:
• Description of the proposed intervention.
• Nutrition education component.
• Marketing plan.
- Assigns responsibility.
- Indicates resources available.
- Developed after reviewing existing programs, &talking with colleagues
& professionals.
Step 3:
• Step of developing a program plan:
1) Design the intervention
• Intervention strategy.
-Addresses how program will be implemented to meet target
population’s nutritional need.
- Can be directed toward individuals, communities, systems.
Step 3:
2) Levels of intervention:
• Level I: Building awareness.
- Change attitudes, behaviors, &beliefs; &increase knowledge of risk
factors.
• Level II: Changing lifestyles.
- Successful with changes over time, using combination of behavior
modification & education.
• Level III: Creating supportive environment for change.
- Create environments that support behavior changes among
individuals.
Step 3:
3) Design the nutrition education component.
4) Set goals & objectives for the program.
5) Specify the program format.
6) Choose program identifiers.
7) Develop a marketing plan.
8) Specify parteneship.
4) Step 4: Develop a Management system.
- Personnel structure – employees responsible for overseeing program
& determining whether it meets objectives.
- Data systems – manner in which data about clients, use of program,
& outcome measures are recorded & analyzed.
- Calculating management costs of program.
• Direct costs – salaries / wages, materials, travel, expenses.
• Indirect costs – office rental, utilities, janitorial.
Step 5: Identify Funding Sources:
- Funding might be in place for initial staffing & planning phase.
- Can have to rely on extramural funding (grants) for program activities
&interventions.
- The logic model can be of benefit.
 Logic Model (Figure 5-3)
Situation Inputs (resources) Influential factors

Activities Outputs Initial outcome

(workshops) (services) (short-term; awareness)

Intermediate outcome
(behavior/policy changes)

Goal Long-term outcome

(social/environmental
changes)
Step 6: implement the program:
- Putting the program into effect – action phase of planning process.
- Observe program delivery; consider ways to improve.
- Enhancing program participate via:
1) Understanding target population.
2) Using research evaluation to improve program.
3) Using incentives for participating.
4) Building ownership.
5) Promoting program.
 Step 7: Evaluate program elements and
effectiveness.
1) Why evaluation is necessary?
• Helps managers make decisions about operations of program.
• Determines progress toward goals and objectives & whether goals are
still appropriate.
• To ensure that program resources are being used properly.
Step 7:
2) How evaluation findings are used?
• To influence executives or politicians to distribute resources or shape
policy.
• To alert managers & policy makers to the need for expanding
programs.
Step 7:
3) Reasons for undertaking evaluations? (table 5-7).
• To improve your program.
• To justify
• To document your program in general
Step 7:
4) Who conducts the evaluation?
• Program staff, other agency staff, outside consultants who are familiar
with all aspects of the program.
5) Program evaluation process focuses on:
• One program element.
• Examining design , delivery, & use of the program (i.e.;
comprehensive)
Step 7:
6) Evaluation as a planning tool:
1. Formative evaluation – testing & assessing program elements
before implementing.
2. Process evaluation- examining program activities & how program is
delivered.
3. Impact evaluation – determining whether & to what extent a
program accomplished its goals.
Step 7:
• Outcome evaluation – measuring whether program changed overall
health status of target population.
• Structure evaluation – evaluating personnel & environmental factors
related to program delivery.
• Fiscal evaluation – how outcome compare with costs.
a) Coast – benefit analysis.
b) Coast – effectiveness analysis.
Step 7:
7) Communicating evaluation findings.
• Information given to appropriate users.
• Report addresses issues perceived as important by users.
• Timely delivery & useful form.
8) Challenges of multicultural evaluations.
• Be sensitive to cultural differences.