The Origin and Systems of

Earth
Learning Objectives:

A. Describe the structure and

composition of the Universe
B. State the different hypothesis that
preceded the Big Bang Theory of the
Origin of the Universe.
D. Explain the Big Bang Theory.
The Universe is at least 13.7
billion of years old and the
Earth/ Solar System at least 4.5-
4.6 billions of years old.
 how long will it take them to spend 1 billion pesos if they spend 1 peso per second.

But how large exactly is a

billion?
How long will it take you to
spend 1 billion pesos if you
spend 1 peso per second?
How long is 13.8 billion
years?
Origin of the Universe
Non-scientific Thought
Book of Genesis

described how God separated

light from darkness, created the
sky, land, sea, moon, stars, and
every living creature in a span
of six days.
Ancient Egyptians believed
in many gods and myths
which narrate that the world
arose from an infinite sea at
the first rising of the sun.
The Kuba people of Central
Africa tell the story of a creator
god Mbombo (or Bumba) who,
alone in a dark and water-
covered Earth, felt an intense
stomach pain and then vomited
the stars, sun, and moon.
In India, there is the
narrative that gods sacrificed
Purusha, the primal man
whose head, feet, eyes, and
mind became the sky, earth,
sun, and moon respectively.
The monotheistic religions
of Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam claim that a supreme
being created the universe,
including man and other
living organisms.
Formation of the Universe
The universe as we currently
know it comprises all space
and time, and all matter and
energy in it.
Based on recent data, the
universe is 13.7 billion years
old. The diameter of the
universe is possibly infinite but
should be at least 91 billion
light-years (1 light-year =
9.4607 × 1012 km).
Hydrogen, helium, and
lithium are the three most
abundant elements.
 Stars - the building block of
galaxies-are born out of
clouds of gas and dust in
galaxies.
A galaxy is a cluster of
billions of stars and clusters
of galaxies form
superclusters.
Theories about the formation
of the universe
1. Big Bang Theory -
Edouard Lemaitre in 1927
The universe was once very
small and very hot, and then
it expanded over time until it
reached its peak
about 10 billion degrees
Fahrenheit (5.5 billion
Celsius) with aggregates of
fundamental particles such
as (neutrons, electrons, and
protons)
2. Steady State Theory –
First proposed by Sir James
Jeans in 1920.
revised by Fred Hoyle,
Hermann Bondi, and Thomas
Gold in 1948
This theory further claims
that the universe has no
beginning or end in time,
and even though it is
expanding, its appearance
remains the same over time.
3. Cosmic inflation Theory -
proposed by physicists
Alan Guth and Andrei
Linde in 1980s
The early universe was a
rapid expanding bubble of
pure vacuum energy.
Became an accepted
hypothesis because it
answered many “puzzling”
observations that arose in the
big bang theory
 1. Homogeneity of objects
in space
2. Appearance of flatness
or smoothness
3. Formation of stars and
star systems
The World We Live In Today Might Be
A Reflection Of Another Universe
“You are very powerful, provided
you know how powerful you are.”