Sociological Concepts

Institutions
Social institutions are: Family,
Medical, educational, economic,
religious, legal and political
systems.

Generic definition: organized

pattern of beliefs and behavior
centered on basic social needs

2
 INSTITUTIONS
INSTITUTIONS ARE ESSENTIAL PARTS
OF ANY SOCIETY

ARE CORE PARTS OF THE COMMUNITY

IN A SENSE, THEY IMPOSE STRUCTURE

ON HOW INDIVIDUALS BEHAVE

SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, POLICE STATION

 INSTITUTIONS

EJ. SOCIETY FAMILY SOCIETY HOSPITALS WHAT ABOUT

NEED PEOPLE MAKES SURE NEEDS A WAY UNIVERSITIES?
YEAR AFTER THAT THERE TO KEEP
YEAR. WIL BE PEOPLE PEOPLE
TO CARRY ON HEALTHY
THE NEXT
GENERATION
 INSTITUTIONS

A CONSERVATIVE VIEW SEES INSTITUONS

AS BEING NATURAL POSITIVE WAY. THEY
COME FROM THE ACTIVITIES OF HUMANS
BEING AND NATURALLY BENEFITS THEM

THERE ARE TWO VIEWS OF INSTITUTIONS

THE PROGRESSIVE VIEW TAKES THE

STANDPOINT THAT INSTITUTIONS ARE
ARTIFICIAL CREATIONS THAT NEED TO BE
REDESIGNED IF THEY ARE TO BE HELPFUL

INSTITUTIONS HAS A DIFFERENT MEANING

 INSTITUTIONS

INSTITUTIONS
CONTINUE EVEN THEY ARE NOT
AFTER THE DEPENDENT ON
PEOPLE WITHIN ANY ONE
THEM TURN INDIVIDUAL
OVER.
Abraham Maslow
(1908-1970)
 Maslow’s Assumptions

Human nature is
basically good, not
evil

Normal human
development involves
the actualization of
this inherent
goodness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITH

SURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUAL

CANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVEL
UNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE
SATISFIED

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND

BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

ESTEEM NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND

BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
NEED
FOR

SELF-
ACTUALIZATION

MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED

FOR SELF
ACTUALIZATION IS
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S
PRIME
MOTIVATION
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
NEED
FOR

SELF-
ACTUALIZATION

MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF

ACTUALIZATION IS
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIME
MOTIVATION

SELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS ACTUALIZING

ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE IS
CAPABLE OF BECOMING
Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs
NEED
SELF-
ACTUALIZATION

ESTEEM NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND

BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

 Nobody can do everything,

But everyone can do something

http://study.com/academy/lesson/social-inst
itutions-definition-examples-quiz.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=EH04OsNuvcw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=P6PEf9WtEvs
 EXERCISE

WHAT KIND OF
NEEDS ARE
SATISFIED BY POLICE
?

DO YOU KNOW ANY

INSTITUTION
WHICH IS NOT
WORKING
PROPERLY?
CONFLICT TRIANGLE
THEORY
J. GALTUNG
 VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT

VIOLENCE IS ANY PHYSICAL,

EMOTIONAL, VERBAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
VIOLENCE IS ONE OF THE POSSIBLE
STRUCTURAL OR SPIRITUAL BEHAVIOUR,
RESPONSES TO SPECIFIC CONFLICT
ATTITUDE, POLICY OR CONDITION THAT
SITUATIONS.
DIMINISHES, DOMINATES OR DESTROYS
OTHERS AND OURSELVES.
 galtung

GALTUNG EXPLAINS THE

DYNAMICS AND
COMPLEXITY OF A
CONFLICT BY MEANS OF A
TRIANGLE
 COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM

A
AN ATTITUDE A BEHAVIOR CONTRADICTIO = CONFLICT
N
 The first triangle
BEHAVIOR
• VIOLENCE

WE MUST
UNDERSTAND IN EACH
CONFLICT ALL THESE
CONFLICT COMPONENTS

ATITUDE
• HATRED

CONTRADICTION
• ISSUE
 VIOLENCE CYCLE

A CONFLICT HAS ALMOST LIKE IT APPEARS,

ITS OWN SOMETHING REACHES AN
LIFECYCLE ORGANIC EMOTIONAL, EVEN
VIOLENT CLIMAX,
DISAPPEARS AND
OFTEN REAPPEARS
 VIOLENCE DEFINITION

VIOLENCE CONSISTS OF ACTIONS, WORDS, ATTITUDES,

STRUCTURES OR SYSTEMS THAT CAUSE PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

AND/OR PREVENT PEOPLE FROM REACHING THEIR FULL

HUMAN POTENTIAL
SYSTEM
BIOLOGICAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

RELATIONSHIPS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

CULTURAL

POLITICS
THE MEANING OF VIOLENCE

SYSTEMIC VIOLENCE
CAN BE A ROOT
CAUSES OF CONFLICT

AS WELL A
BEHAVIOURAL
RESPONSE TO A
SPECIFIC CONFLICT
SITUATION.
VIOLENCE TRIANGLE
 The first triangle
BEHAVIOR
• VIOLENCE

WE MUST
UNDERSTAND IN EACH
CONFLICT ALL THESE
CONFLICT COMPONENTS

ATITUDE
• HATRED

CONTRADICTION
• ISSUE
 PHYSICAL KILLING OR SEXUAL
RAPE BEATINGS
FORCE, TORTURE ASSAULT,

DIRECT VIOLENCE EXPRESSIONS

 Cultural violence

THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES

AND BELIEFS THAT WE HAVE
BEEN TAUGHT SINCE
CHILDHOOD

SURROUND US IN DAILY LIFE

ABOUT THE POWER AND
NECESSITY OF VIOLENCE
Structural violence
SOME GROUPS HAVE, MORE ACCESS
TO GOODS, RESOURCES, AND
OPPORTUNITIES THAN OTHER GROUPS

THIS UNEQUAL ADVANTAGE IS BUILT

INTO THE VERY SOCIAL, POLITICAL
AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

EJ. APARTHIED
 THE DEEP ROOTS

THE DEPRIVATION OF
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
 ORIGINALITY

THAT IS THE VIOLENCE IS

NOT A DIRECT
JOHAN GALTUNG’S ORIGINAL
DEFINITION INCLUDED A
LACK OF HUMAN AGENCY
BUT A RESULT OF AN
UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF
RESOURCES.
 VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZalUagqrVY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7o-RHMBQOk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CO0VrebfK8
 PRACTICE
 THINK ABOUT A CRIME OR DEVIANCE
BEHAVIOR
 EXAMPLE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OR BULLYNG
 IDENTIFIES THE TWO TRIANGLES
 EXERCISE

WHAT KIND OF
NEEDS ARE
SATISFIED BY POLICE
?

DO YOU KNOW ANY

INSTITUTION
WHICH IS NOT
WORKING
PROPERLY?
 The first triangle
BEHAVIOR
• VIOLENCE

CONFLICT

ATITUDE
• HATRED

CONTRADICTION
• ISSUE
VIOLENCE TRIANGLE
ECOLOGICAL THEORY
BRONFENBRENNER

1917-2015
BRONFENBRENNER ECOLOGICAL THEORY
 MICROSYSTEMS
The Microsystems Is the layer
nearest the child. It comprises
structure which the child directly
interacts with. They are called
immediate environment

Example: one’s family, school and

neighborhood
 MESOSYSTEMS

This layer serve as the

relationships between two
or more microsystems such
as what is learned at home
culturally. They are called
connections.

Example: Interactions
between the parents and
teachers The parents and
health services The
community and the church
 EXOSYSTEMS

The Exosystem Environment

that effect how one develops
that is out of their control.
They are called indirect
environment.

Example:
workplace, mass
media, city
government
 MACROSYSTEMS

The Macrosystem Is a large

cultural and social structural
elements of the environment
that shape human
development. They are called
social and cultural values.

Example:
marriage
ceremonies, Aids
 CHRONOSYSTEM

The Chronosystem Big

events in the world that
will impact in a person’s
development through
time. They are called
Changes Over Time.

Example: A family
through a divorce
A nation going to
war
 VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5htRhvm4iyI
 INSTITUTIONS

IN A SENSE, THEY IMPOSE

STRUCTURE ON HOW
INDIVIDUALS BEHAVE

FOR EXAMPLE, IF ALL THE LAWS

THAT EXIST IN OUR
COMMUNITY DISAPPEARED,
WOULD YOU STILL HAVE A
NORMAL DAY?

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT IT?

 INSTITUTIONS

IT IS A
ALL THE PROBLEM FOR
WHAT HAPPEN
THINGS THAT PARENTS
WHEN THERE IS
WE ARE USED BECAUSE THEY
NO CLASS A
TO WOULD BE HAVE TO
DAY FOR
COMPLETELY FIGURE OUT
CHILDREN?
DISRUPTED CHILDCARE
FOR THAT DAY

INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RULES

DEFINITIVELY GUIDE WHAT WE DO
 INSTITUTIONS

PEOPLE , IN GENERAL,
ARE RELIANT ON THE
INSTITUTIONS BUT....

IS THE REVERSE TRUE?

DO INSTITUTIONS NEED
INDIVIDUALS

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT IT?

 INSTITUTIONS
WHAT HAPPEN WHEN THINGS
ARE NOT WORKING PROPERLY?

IMBALANCE

ULFILLING A NEED

DEMOCRACY,
KINGDOM
SENATE
 INSTITUTIONS

INSTITUTIONS
MEET THE
NEEDS OF
SOCIETY

EJ. SOCIETY BY FILLING

NEED PEOPLE EXPECTED
YEAR AFTER ROLES AND
YEAR. BEHAVIORS