FAMULARCANO, ROLLEN ANGEL

LICAROS, CHRISTINE JOY

LOZANO, JOHN PATRICK
MADRIAGA, JOHN CARLO R.
MALABAYABAS, RENIEL M.
MANANSALA, JARVEY F.
MANGUNE, EMY G.
Motivation is an internal condition initiated by drives, needs
or desires and producing a goal-directed behavior.

Motive is a specific internal condition directing an organism's

behavior toward a goal.
Need is a physiological condition arising from an imbalance
and usually accompanied by arousal.
Drive is an internal aroused conditioned that initiates
behavior to satisfy psychological needs.

LEFTON AND VALVATNE, 1988:148.

 NEEDS, DRIVES, AND INCENTIVES IN
BIOLOGICALLY MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR

When an organism is deprived of an essential substance such as

food or water, it is in a state of need. The state of need,
eventually triggers the organism's energy, initiating
instrumental behavior directed toward obtaining the essential
substance. Once the need has released the organism's energy, it
is considered a drive. An organism's primary drives are
produced by emotional and physiological conditions that
stimulate the individual to seek fulfillment of basic needs (4).
Eating, drinking, and breathing are examples of behavior based
on primary needs, and such behavior regulates basic
physiological requirements for a particular organism. This
kind of regulation is called homeostasis, it describes the
organism's tendency to maintain optimal level of a
physiological requirement by attempting to restore any
deviation from the optimal condition.
 NEEDS, DRIVES, AND INCENTIVES IN
BIOLOGICALLY MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR

In the most basic biologically motivated behavior--

behavior that serves the vital functions of survival
and reproduction--organisms also respond to external
motivational stimuli in the shape of certain cells from
the environment, which psychologists call incentives (4).

Any motive, then, has two components: an incentive--an

external motivational stimulus--and a drive an internal
motivational factor.
 SOURCES OF MOTIVATION

TH E S O U R C ES O F M O TI V A TI O N
FA LL IN TO FO U R C A TE G O R IE S :

First, some human behavior, like most animal behavior, is motivated by basic biological
factors, particularly the need for food, water, temperature regulation,and the like.
second, cognitive factors motivate human behavior. these are not always rational. a person
who once nearly starved to death might later hoard food, not because there is any real
danger of future faminr but because the thoughts of running out of food creates panic.
this example highlights yet a third source of motivation emotional factors (petri, 1986).
panis, fear, anger, love, and many other emotions can be crucial in behaviors ranging from
selfless giving to brutal murder. fourth, people react to parents, teachers, siblings,
friends, television and other forces. the combined influence of these social factors in
motivation has a profound effect on virtually every aspect of human behavior.
 INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH LONG-TERM GOALS
OR PREFERENCES LEAD AN INDIVIDUAL
TO UNDERTAKE A BEHAVIOR.
HUMAN MOTIVES ARE STIMULATED BY THE
INHERENT NATURE OF THE ACTIVITY OR ITS
NATURAL CONSEQUENCES.
IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH EXTERNAL
REWARDS LEAD AN INDIVIDUAL TO
UNDERTAKE
A BEHAVIOR .
HUMAN MOTIVES ARE STIMULATED BY
EXTERNAL REWARDS. FOR INSTANCE,
 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
IN SEE KIN G THE FUN DAM ENT AL CA USE S OF PEO PLE 'S
BEH AV IOR , PSY CHO LOG IST HAV E DEV ELO PED MA NY
THE ORI ES OF MO TIV ATI ON .LEF TON AND VU LVA TNE
(19 88 ) GIV E THE FOL LOW ING MO ST INF LUE NTI AL AND
BES T-R ECO RDE D THE ORI ES.
DRIVE THEORY
THIS THEORY IS AN EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR THAT
EMPHASIZES INTERNAL FACTORS THAT ENERGIZE
ORGANISMS TO SEEK,ATTAIN OR MAINTAIN SOME
GOAL.OFTEN THE GOAL IS TO REESTABLISH A STATE OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL BALANCE.A HUNGRY ORGANISM
DEPRIVED OF FOOD FOR TWENTY-FOUR HOURS SPENDS
MOST OF ITS TIME LOOKING FOR FOOD.IT IS DRIVEN TO
SEEK FOOD.
EXPECTANCY THEORY
THIS THEORY IS AN EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR THAT
EMPHASIZES A PERSON'S EXPECTATION OF SUCCESS
AND NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT AS THE ENERGIZING
FACTORS.ACCORDING TO ACHIEVEMENT THEORIES,
PEOPLE ENGAGE IN BEHAVIOR THAT SATISFY THEIR
DESITES FOR SUCCESS,MASTERY,AND FULFILLMENT.
COGNITIVE THEORY
THIS THEORY IS AN EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR THAT
EMPHASIZES THE ROLE OF THOUGHT AND INDIVIDUAL CHOICE
REGARDING LIFE GOALS AND THE MEANS OF ACHIEVING THEM.
HUMANISTIC THEORY
THIS THEORY IS AN EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR THAT
EMPHASIZES THE ROLE OF HUMAN QUALITIES,SUCH AS
DIGNITY, INDIVIDUAL, CHOICE,SELF-CONCEPT,AND SELF-
ACHIEVEMENT,AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION.
SELF ACTUALIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF REALIZING
ONE'S UNIQUELY HUMAN POTENTIAL FOR GOOD THE
PROCESS OF ACHIEVING EVERYTHING THAT ONE IS
CAPABLE OF ACHIEVING.
INCENTIVE THEORY
THIS IS AN EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR THAT IS GOAL DIRECTED
ACTIONS ARE DIRECTED TOWARD STAINING DESIRABLE STIMULI
CALLED POSITIVE INCENTIVES,AND TOWARD AVOIDING
UNWANTED STIMULI CALLED NEGATIVE INCENTIVES.
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

According to Abraham Maslow,human needs can be placed on a hierarchy. This hierarchy

runs from the simplest biological motives up to the most complex, Maslow says there are
five primary levels on the hierarchy of human motivation.

The pyramid represents Maslow's hierarchy of needs, According to Maslow, fundamental

needs must be satisfied before a person is free to progress to psychological needs, and
these in turn must be satisfied before a person can turn to self-actualization needs.

1. Physiological needs or Biological needs. Bodily needs come first. You must always
satisfy your physical needs or you won't live long enough to take care of any
psychological or social needs you may have. You cannot take the next step up the
motivational ladder unless, and until, your primary biological needs are met(15)

2. Safety Needs. Being cared for as a child and having a secure source of income and a
place to live as an adult are examples of safety needs. Many people spend most of
their lives in an attempt to satisfy needs at this level(13)
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

3. Belongingness and love needs. belonginess is integration into various kinds

of social groups such as clubs and other formal social organizations. By
love, Maslow meant affectionate relationships with others. Some of these
relationships may have a sexual component; ideally all of them are based on
mutual respect, admiration,and trust (2).

4. Esteem needs. Esteem needs are just as important for human life as are food
and water. An honest, fundamental respect for a person as a useful. An
honorable human being constitutes esteem. Esteem brings feelings of
competence and confidence and a sense of achievement and individuality. The
effort to meet esteem needs can take infinitely varied forms. Some people pursue
esteem through their careers; others through their relationships with family,
friends, or the community.

5. Need for self-actualization. Until you have achieved self-esteem, you

probably will not feel secure enough to become a "fully actualized person"
Unless you have confidence in yourself, Maslow says, you will not dare to
express yourself in your own unique way, make your own special contribution
to society, and thus, achieve your true inborn potential (15)
 PHYSIOLOGICAL MOTIVES
Hunger
We experience this simply because we haven't eaten yet. Thus this part of the discussion will focus on the biological
process involving hunger and physical changes that humans may encounter when we're experiencing it

The regulation of hunger is controlled less by cues from the stomach like stomach growling

how does the process of hunger occur in our body?

it is the responsibility of the brain to produce the glucose level in the blood through the lateral or the "start
eating" center and the ventromedial or the "stop eating" center in the Hypothalamus to act to our eating and non
eating process

branches of hunger

Physiological cause of hunger

having low blood sugar level that accompanies the food deprivation and creating a chemical imbalance. Because
sugar is crucial to the body to send signals to our brain that we have low-blood sugar that also causes the brain to
generate to what we call Hunger

Eating Disorder.

This disorder causes health-threatening effects like obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Obesity
is a condition in which a person is overweight due to his/her wrong eating habits that causes a lot of complications
in terms of bone structure, heart complications and many more.

Next is anorexia nervosa

This is where a person starves him/herself and has dramatic weight loss which is basically the opposite of obesity.

Lastly is the Bulimia

This is where you eat massive quantities of food and then eventually eliminate them from your body by self-inducing,
vomiting or strong laxatives. Like anorexia this is common to female ageing 15 years old where they are obsessed of
being slender and slim
 THIRST
EVERY CELL IN THE HUMAN BODY IS SURROUNDED
BY WATER AND ACCOUNTS FOR 70% OF TOTAL
BODY WEIGHT. AS WATER IS LOST IN
PERSPIRATION, URINE, FECES, AND EVEN BREATHING
IT MUST BE QUICKLY REPLACED IF THE BODY IS TO
FUNCTION NORMALLY ( BERNSTEIN, ET AL, 1988).
PEOPLE CAN LIVE FOR WEEKS WITHOUT EATING BUT
THEY CAN LIVE ONLY A FEW DAYS WITHOUT
REPLENISHING THEIR SUPPLY OF FLUID. AS IN
HUNGER, THE BRAIN PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN THE
REGULATION OF THIRST.
SEX
SEXUAL MOTIVATION IS QUITE STRONG, EVEN THOUGH THE
LACK OF SEX IS NOT LIFE-THREATENING. HUMAN SEXUAL
RELATIONS TYPICALLY OCCUR BETWEEN TWO INDIVIDUALS
WHO HAVE AN EMOTIONAL BOND. FOR SEX, AS FOR HUNGER
AND THIRST THE BRAIN PARTICULARLY THE HYPOTHALAMUS
CONTROLS THE ACTIVITY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND WHICH IS
LOCATED JUST UNDER THE HYPOTHALAMUS. SEX HORMONES
HAVE BOTH ORGANIZATIONAL AND ACTIVATIONAL EFFECTS ON
SEXUALITY. THE ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS ARE THOSE THAT
DETERMINE THE FORM OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR MALE OR FEMALE.
ACTIVATIONAL EFFECTS OCCUR DURING ADULTHOOD WHEN
HORMONES TEMPORARILY CHANGE BEHAVIOR OR
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
 PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES

PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES ARE HUMAN MOTIVES

THAT ARE RELATED TO THE INDIVIDUAL'S
HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING NOT TO SURVIVAL
AFFILIATION MOTIVATION
HUMAN BEINGS ARE SOCIAL CREATURES, GIVEN THE
OPPORTUNITY THEY GENERALLY PREFER TO BE WITH OTHER
PEOPLE. IN THIS SENSE, IT CAN BE SAID THAT PEOPLE HAVE A
THREE TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES MOTIVE FOR AFFILIATION THE AFFILIATION MOTIVE IS THE
NEED TO ASSOCIATE WITH OTHERS AND MAINTAIN SOCIAL
NOVEL STIMULATION BONDS.
THIS REFERS TO THE STIMULUS MOTIVATION; NEW
OR CHANGED EXPERIENCES. MOST PEOPLE GET
BORED EASILY IF THERE IS LITTLE OVERALL
STIMULATION OR UNCHANGING STIMULATION.

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
THIS IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED FOR SUCCESS IN SCHOOL SPORTS OCCUPATIONS AND
COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION LEADS SOME PEOPLE TO BE HIGH
PERFORMERS WHO DESIRE SUCCESS AND FEAR FAILURE. THEY SEEK OUT TASKS THAT THEY CAN
COMPLETE WHILE AVOIDING RESPONSIBILITIES OR TASKS WHERE THEY MIGHT FAIL ACHIEVEMENT
MOTIVE ALSO DRIVES THEM TO PERSIST IN PUTTING IN LONG HOURS AND HARD WORK AT GOALS
THEY KNOW THEY CAN ACCOMPLISH. THEY ARE DRIVEN TO SEEK OUT ROLES WHERE THEY CAN
SUCCESSFULLY RECEIVE FEEDBACK AND FEEL A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT.
THANK
YOU