CHEMISTRY

HOLIDAY HOMEWORK
WHAT IS POLLUTION?
 Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into
the environment. These harmful materials are called
pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic
ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as
trash or runoff produced by factories
TYPES OF POLLUTION:-
 There are basically 3 types of pollution
 1. air pollution

 2. water pollution

 3. land pollution

I. In this particular PPT , we are going

to learn about air and water
pollution…
WATER
POLLUTION
 Water pollution is the contamination of water sources
by substances which make the water unusable for
drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other
activities. Pollutants include chemicals, trash, bacteria,
and parasites.
CAUSES OF WATER
POLLUTION
 Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as
rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and aquifers get
contaminated . The Causes of Water Pollution
 Industrial Waste. Industries and industrial sites across the
world are a major contributor to water pollution. ...
 Marine Dumping. ...

 Sewage and Wastewater. ...

 Oil Leaks and Spills. ...

 Agriculture. ...

 Global Warming. ...

 Radioactive Waste.

 and agricultural effluents.

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
 Deteriorating water quality is damaging the environment, In addition, here are
some of the other consequences:
 Destruction of biodiversity. Water pollution depletes aquatic ecosystems and
triggers unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton in lakes — eutrophication —.
 Contamination of the food chain. Fishing in polluted waters and the use of
waste water for livestock farming and agriculture can introduce toxins into
foods which are harmful to our health when eaten.
 Lack of potable water. The UN says that billions of people around the
world have no access to clean water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural
areas.
 Disease. The WHO estimates that about 2 billion people have no option but to
drink water contaminated by excrement, exposing them to diseases such as
cholera, hepatitis A and dysentery.
 Infant mortality. According to the UN, diarrhoeal diseases linked to lack of
hygiene cause the death of about 1,000 children a day worldwide.
WAYS TO CONTROL IT
 Proven Ways by which We Can Reduce Water Pollution
 Dispose of Toxic Chemicals Properly

 Shop with Water Pollution in Mind

 Do Not Pour Fat and Grease Down the Drain

 Use Phosphate-Free Detergent and Dish Cleaner

 Check Your Sump Pump or Cellar Drain

 Dispose of Medical Waste Properly

 Eat More Organic Food

 Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage can.

 Blow or sweep fertilizer back onto the grass if it gets onto paved
areas. ...
 Mulch or compost grass or yard waste. ...

 Wash your car or outdoor equipment where it can flow to a gravel or

grassy area instead of a street.
AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the
presence of substances in the atmosphere that are
harmful to the health of humans and other living beings,
or cause damage to the climate or to materials.
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Common air pollution causes
 The Burning of Fossil Fuels. ...

 Industrial Emission. ...

 Indoor Air Pollution. ...

 Wildfires. ...

 Microbial Decaying Process. ...

 Transportation. ...

 Open Burning of Garbage Waste.

 Waste in Landfills. ...

 Exhaust From Factories and Industries. ...

 Mining Operations. ...

 Indoor Air Pollution. ...

 Natural Events.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
 Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease, lung
cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution
can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves, brain, kidneys,
liver, and other organs. Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth
defects.
 Air pollution can lead to a wide range of diseases, including stroke,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trachea, bronchus and lung
cancers, aggravated asthma and lower respiratory infections.
Harming Human Health
 Coughing.

 Wheezing/difficulty breathing.

 Irritation to eyes, nose, and throat.

 Headache.

 Dizziness.

 Fatigue.
WAYS TO CONTROL IT
 Drive your car less. 
 Keep your car in good repair. .

 Turn off your engine. 

 Don't burn your garbage.

 Limit backyards fire in the city. 

 Keep fires brief and small — 3 feet across or less.
 Burn only dry fire wood.
 Never start campfires during an air quality alert.

 Plant and care for trees. 

 Switch to electric or hand-powered lawn equipment. 

 Use less energy. 

 Turn off electrical stuff you are not using. It all adds up.
CONCLUSION
 Air pollution is considered a problem
because it not only affects the
environment but also damages crops,
forests, animals, and the human body.
 Water pollution destroys important food
sources and contaminates drinking water
with chemicals that can cause immediate
and long-term harm to human health.
  While the effects of air pollution on
materials, vegetation, and animals can be
measured, health effects on humans can
only be estimated from epidemiological
evidence.
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY
KHUSHMEET

VIII A
5935
TO- DR.
NIDHI
GUPTA