Major Project

Deep Learning-based Forest Fire Detection

Using UAV Images

Presented by: Guided by,

500076741 - Prachi Chauhan Dr. Deepika Koundal,
500076393 - Sarthak Garg Assistant Professor (SS)
500076582 - Sejal Gupta Systemics Cluster
500076112 - Vishesh Jain School of Computer Science
Content :
1. Introduction

2. Literature Review

3. Problem Statement

4. Motivation

5. Objectives

6. Methodology

7. SWOT Analysis

8. Results and Outputs

9. References
Introduction :

• All around the world, there are frequent wildland fires that are caused and spread rapidly
due to them being in open areas with enough amount of oxygen. These fires have high risk
and significant destructive potential.
• Image processing and wireless sensor networks (WSN) are utilized to detect forest fires.
The IoT sensors continuously and in real-time monitor environmental conditions
• The only effective approach to lessen the damage by forest fires is early fire detection.
• Optical sensors, digital cameras, wireless sensors, and some other technologies are usually
used in the detection of forest fires.
• We are using Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), fitted with cameras that can address faced
by fixed position cameras.
Literature Review :
• In order to extract color and shape features from aerial photographs obtained by unmanned
aircraft, Jiao et al. suggested a forest fire detection method utilizing YOLOv3.

• In order to discriminate between fire pixels and background, Anh et al. devised an approach
based on the RGB color space.

• To identify and follow probable fires in succession, Yuan et al. used the median filter, color
space conversion, Otsu threshold segmentation, morphological procedures, and blob
counting.

• Federico et al. created a Faster R-CNN model for object detection and a deep learning
network for detecting forest fires using transfer learning of previously trained RetinaNet.

• To enhance the precision and efficacy of forest fire smoke target detection, Hu et al.
presented the MVMNet model.
Problem Statement :

• Forest fires present a high risk that endangers ecosystems, social and economic development,
and environmental preservation.
• These can also endanger people’s lives and result in significant financial damages.
• These fires also affect creatures like beavers, squirrels, birds, and other wild animals.
• These issues need to be addressed and prevent or minimize using an effective method.
Motivation :

There have been many forest fires, even in recent times such as:
• 2021 Simplipal forest fires in India: This forest fire started in the state of Odisha in March-April
2021. These fires have affected the Simlipal Biographical reserve and caused widespread damage to
the local environment as well as livelihoods.
• Another challenge of the project was the implementation of Helo net after comparing to the other
existing CNN models such as Alexenet and a joint architecture of Resnet and exception which all
use a detection system to extract features via convolution layers which are then classified
Objectives :

• Main objective here is early forest fire detection so that the damage caused by the fire can be
minimized.
• UAVs are to be used as cameras so that a forest fire surveillance system would be established in
real-time.
• Overcoming obstacles related to UAV photos and accuracy related to fire detection. Lack of
enough samples affects the accuracy, that’s why a lot of high-quality annotation data is needed to
produce accurate and satisfying recognition results.
Methodology :

• Fire forest systems have been developed in real time with Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) and
drones.
• Theoretically, a ground-station command is used to search and track suspicious forest fires with a
single, onboard sensor UAV.
• Once the blaze is detected, it will be sent to the field and firefighters ' mobile devices an
explosive warning with possible fire photos to decide whether the fire occurs.
• Since the indoor GPS signal is not accessible, a network of cameras will provide UAV 3D position
data as a GPS. An estimate of the sensor parameter can be used every time before you take a
picture of the aerial UAV.
SWOT Analysis :
Strength: Researchers have presented numerous image-based fire detection models in recent years as a result of the
advancement of machine vision technology. However, the field of view is constrained by image processing techniques based
on fixed cameras, which results in inadequate scene monitoring. In this project, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used
that are outfitted with cameras, in contrast to the methods mentioned above for detecting forest fires, can address the issues
with fixed position cameras, cover a wider monitoring area, and are not constrained by the installation angle.
 
Weakness: UAVs used in the project work better than installed cameras however they also have some limitations such as they
are affected by weather conditions and they also have a limited flight time.

Opportunities: As forest fire is a threat to human lives, animal lives, and vegetation, it also produces greenhouse gases and is
a contributor to climate change, the world urgently needs these kinds of technologies to decrease the effects due to forest fires.
This technology still needs to be advanced as much as possible to detect the fire and its location and inform the concerned
departments quickly.

Threats: Research related to UAVs and their technical vulnerabilities has drastically increased in recent years with the
increasing use of UAVs in different fields. Using UAVs can be a threat as they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and needed to be
analysed and secure it accordingly.
Result And Output:

Wild Forest fires are the most common hazard in the forests. Forest fires are as old as the forests themselves. They pose a threat not
only to the forest resources but also to the entire ecosystem of fauna and flora, seriously affecting the bio-diversity, ecology, and
climate of a region. This project will help us to:

1. Deep Learning using CNN has been deployed for early predicting the occurrence of the forest fire.
2. Collection of datasets of fire and smoke images using UAVs.
 
References :
[1]. Ambrosia, V.G.; Wegener, S.; Zajkowski, T.; Sullivan, D.V.; Buechel, S.; Enomoto, F.; Lobitz, B.; Johan, S.;
Brass, J.; and Hinkley, E. (2011). The Ikhana unmanned airborne system (UAS) western states fire imaging
missions: from concept to reality (2006-2010). Geocarto International, 26(2), 85-101.
[2]. Miller, P. Babenko, M. Hu, and M. Shah, Person tracking in UAV video. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.
[3]. Berni, J. A., Zarco-Tejada, P. J., Su´arez, L., &Fereres, E. Thermal and narrowband multispectral remote
sensing for vegetation monitoring from an unmanned aerial vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and
Remote Sensing, 47(3), 722-738, 2009
Thank You