13-137. In practice, the V-notch is commonly used to measure flow rate in open channels.

Using the idealized Torricelli’s equation V = √2g(H − y) for velocity, develop a relation
for the flow rate through the V-notch in terms of the angle 𝜃 . Also, show the variation of
the flow rate with 𝜃 by evaluating the flow rate for 𝜃 = 25, 40, 60, and 75°, and plotting
the results.
• Consider a differential strip area shown on the sketch. It can be expressed as
dA = bdy = 2y tan(/ 2)dy

Using the idealized Torricelli’s equation V = √2g(H − y) for velocity, the flow rate through this
differential area is
q = VdA = V( 2y tan(/2)dy)
= 2y tan(2)dy
= 2tan( / 2) y y
Then the flow rate through the entire notch is determined by integration to be
Q=2
Where,
= H=
Then the expression for the volume flow rate and its numerical value
become
Q = tan() tan( 5/2
= 0.07382 tan(m3/s)

When Q = 0.07382 tan(25= 0.0164 m3/s

When Q = 0.07382 tan(40= 0.0269 m3/s
When Q = 0.07382 tan(60= 0.0426 m3/s
When Q = 0.07382 tan(75= 0.0566 m3/s
As we can see from the graph, the flow rate through the V-notch
increases with increasing angle. This is because a larger angle results
in narrower opening, which increase the velocity of the fluid passing
through the V- notch.