Case Study of

Drake, Age 10

Y Vo
EDU 220: Principles of Educational Psychology
Professor Theri Wyckoff
Feburary 6, 2023
 Abstract
Physical Development: Emotional Development: Cognitive/ Intellectual
-Expectations met:
- Expectations met: Development:
- More active -Expectations met:
- Better health - Enjoy privacy - Use logic
- Weight gain and height growth - Plan things - Develop interest
- Interest in sex increase - Increase self-esteem - Show talent
- Expectations not met: -Expectations not met:
- Smooth conversations
- Eating problems - Care about appearance - Expectations not met:
- Interest in sports - Worry about school - Enjoy reading
- Cries when angry - Extra learning

Psychosocial/ Social Development: Moral/ Character/ Philosophical Development:

-Expectations met: -Expectations met:
- Admire older grade level - Understand right and wrong
- Develop secret codes - Similarities between merit and fairness
- Enjoy being in a group - Pay attention to people in need
- Describe as happy - Have empathy
- Care about friends - Expectations not met:
-Expectations not met: - Fairness is crucial
- Affectionate with parents
 Typical Physical Behavior at Age 10

• Boys are more active and have improved motor abilities (University of Washington, 1993)
• Body image and eating problems (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Enjoy team participation and may join in formal team sports (Ellsworth, 1998)
• Gain more interest in sex (Ellsworth, 1998)
• Gain better health and less sickness (Ellsworth, 1998)
• Gain about six-seven pounds and grow more than two inches each year (Riley Children’s Health,
2021)
 Typical Physical Development Level According
to Seifert and Sutton at Age 10

• Average girls are taller than boys (Seifert & Sutton, 2009, p. 43)
• Height: 135cm (Seifert & Sutton, 2009, p. 43)
• Weight: 31.0kg (Seifert & Sutton, 2009, p. 43)
• Clumsy children know that being clumsy would affect their peers’ respect for them
(Seifert & Sutton, 2009, p. 45)
Physical Development Observation of a Child, Age
10

Developmental Milestones Met:

- Extremely active and all his motor skills are advanced
- Physically healthy and rarely gets sick
- Healthy weight gain and bone growth
- Regularly asks and talks about sex

Developmental Milestones Not Met:

- Does not have any desire to play sports or engage in sport games
- Eating habits are regular and body image is not affected
 Physical Development Recommendations

• Ensure proper nutrition (University of Washington, 1993)

• Educate them about normal physical and emotional changes due to puberty
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)

• Encourage physical activities (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Ensure they have the right amount of sleep (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Limit screen time (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
 Typical Emotional Behaviors at Age 10

• Increase sense of self-worth (Virtual Lab School, 2021)

• Worry about appearance (University of Washington, 1993)
• Enjoy being alone (University of Washington, 1993)
• Concern more about school and friendships (University of Washington, 1993)
• Plans before action (American Psychological Association, 2022)
• When angry, they resort to crying (University of Washington, 1993)
 Typical Emotional Development
Level According to Slavin at Age 10

• Friendship issues teach children how different people's thoughts, feelings, and perspectives are

from their own

• Conflicts make children more aware of the consequences of their actions on others
• Playing helps children develop their linguistic, cognitive, and social skills, and overall
personality

(Slavin, 2022, pg. 54)

 Emotional Development
Observation of a Child, Age 10

Developmental Milestones Met:

- Likes to be alone in the room
- He is always talking about what games he is going to play the next day
- Brags about how he is better at video games than his cousin

Development Milestones Not Met:

- His mother chooses his clothes every day for school
- Before going to a hair salon his parents would choose a haircut for him
- Once frustrated or bothered he would not cry but starts to be physical
 Emotional Development Recommendations

• Allow children to choose what to wear and how they want to appear (University of Washington,
1993)

• Enable them to have their personal space (University of Washington, 1993)

• Accept their outburst and try to understand them (University of Washington, 1993)
• Permit them to socialize and spend time with their friends (University of Washington, 1993)
• Allow them to express themselves (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
Typical Cognitive/ Intellectual Behaviors at Age 10

• Enjoy reading (University of Washington, 1993)

• Speaks with logic and more alertness (University of Washington, 1993)
• Develop interest (University of Washington, 1993)
• Show talent (University of Washington, 1993)
• Conversations are more smooth and consistent (Ellsworth, 1998)
• Seek schooling outside of the classroom for personal fulfillment (Ellsworth, 1998)
 Typical Cognitive/ Intellectual Development Level
According to Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bronfenbrenner at Age 10

Piaget Concrete Operational Stage: Vygotsky:

• Form ideas, perceive relationships, and resolve issues only when they
involve familiar objects and cases (Slavin, 2022, pg. 28)
• Gained knowledge of reversibility (Slavin, 2022, pg. 26)
• Thinking becomes decentered, and solving problems becomes less
restricted by self-concept (Slavin, 2022, pg. 26)
• Expansion of social development through engagement with others and the
environment (Slavin, 2022, pg. 43)
• “Children internalize learning, develop self-regulation, and solve problems
through vocal or silent private speech” (Slavin, 2022, pg. 43).
• Interactional contexts allow children to establish knowledge of
developmentally proper skills (Slavin, 2022, pg. 43)

Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory

• The model emphasizes social and institutional impacts on a child's development, ranging from family, schools, religious sites, and neighborhoods to
social and political factors such as mass media and government (Slavin, 2022, pg. 35)
• Highlights that all of these variables are constantly shifting, and that the child has an impact on several of them, particularly the family (Slavin, 2022,
pg. 35)
 Cognitive/ Intellectual Development
Observation of a Child, Age 10

Developmental Milestones Met:

- He includes logical reasoning in his sentences, especially when he argues with his cousin
- Share stories about his school day in fluent sentences
- Has a huge interest in video games
- He would frequently sing or dance around the house

Developmental Milestones Not Met:

- Only reads when his parents tell him to or for school
- Besides going to school he does not have an interest in doing more learning after school hours
 Cognitive/ Intellectual Development
Recommendations for a Child, Age 10

• Encourage the use of logic in decision-making and reasoning (University of Washington, 1993)
• Supply them with books (University of Washington, 1993)
• Offer materials and lessons on topics of interest (University of Washington, 1993)
• Assist them to develop a sense of right and wrong (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Promote daily reading (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
•Discuss the importance of respecting others (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
 Typical Psychosocial/
Social Behavior at Age 10

• Affectionate with parents (University of Washington, 1993)

• Friends are more crucial (NIH Medline Plus, 2021)
• Frequently described as obedient, pleasant, and happy (Ellsworth, 1998)
• Develop secrets codes and games with friends (Morin, 2021)
• Prefer being in a group (Morin, 2021)
• Admires and try to be like older grade level (Morin, 2021)
 Typical Psychosocial/ Social Development Level
According to Erikson at Age 10

Stage IV: Industry Versus Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

•Teachers and friends are more important than parents (Slavin, 2022, p.47)
• Success exhibits a sense of purpose and confidence (Slavin, 2022, p.47)
• Failure nurtures a negative self-image and a feeling of unworthiness, jeopardizing future learning
(Slavin, 2022, p.47)
• Acceptance in peer relationships, mixed-gender friend groups, and challenges to adult authority
are more crucial (Slavin, 2022, p.65)
 Psychosocial/ Social Development
Observation of a Child, Age 10

Development Milestones Met:

- Always spend his weekend talking to friends
- He would say phrases that only teenagers would say
- Often ask parents to hang out with friends
- People would often say it’s a nice atmosphere to have him around
- Come home from school and speak in unfamiliar phrases like a secret code

Development Milestones Not Met:

- Rarely show affection to his parents
 Psychosocial/ Social Development
Recommendations for a Child, Age 10

• Spend time with the child (University of Washington, 1993)

• Acknowledge the child’s need to fit in with their peers (University of Washington, 1993)
• Try to meet your child's friends' families (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Participate in school activities (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Inspire your child to consider their own achievements when using praise (Center for
Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
 Typical Moral/ Character/
Philosophical Behavior at Age 10

• Strong sense of fairness (University of Washington, 1993)

• Easily comprehend and internalize moral principles (right/wrong, good/bad,
wonderful/terrible)  (American Psychological Association, 2022)
• Recognize the connection between fairness and merit (American Psychological Association, 2022)
• Acknowledge giving people in need more attention (American Psychological Association, 2022)
•Empathize better with others (American Psychological Association, 2022)
 Typical Moral/ Character/ Philosophical Development
Level According to Kohlberg at Age 10

Conventional Level of Morality

• Stage 3: Consider other individuals feelings when they make decisions
• Put themselves in others position
•Stage 4: Aware and follow rules of society
• No excuse for violating the law

(Slavin, 2022, pg. 51)

 Moral/ Character/ Philosophical Development
Observation of a Child, Age 10

Developmental Milestones Met:

-Aware that if a player earns more points in a game, they will be awarded a greater prize
- He would switch to Vietnamese when speaking to his grandma because she did not speak fluent English
- Carry heavy items for his grandmother
- Understands that saying curse words is not right

Developmental Milestones Not Met:

- He does not play fair when he plays with his cousin
 Moral/ Character/ Philosophical Development
Recommendations for a Child, Age 10

• Give guidance instead of punishments (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Educate about peer pressure (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Teach the child to be honest (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Talk about expectations for the child’s behavior (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Encourage to assist others when needed (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021)
• Give Praise and encouragement (Child Development Institute, 2019)
 Conclusion
Physical Developmental Level

 - The child does meet expectations as he has a healthy immune system, growth, and energy. It is recommended that he get more physical activities
instead of being on the iPad for several hours. 

Emotional Developmental Level

 - The child does meet expectations because he does not care about his appearance. He needs to spend time with friends more and express to his
parents what he wants to wear. 

Cognitive/Intellectual Developmental Level

 - Met expectations because he can speak in smooth, consistent sentences and includes logical reasoning in them. He can improve by reading daily
and doing extra homework. 

Psychosocial/Social Developmental Level

 - The child does meet expectations because he speaks to he actively speaks to his peers. I recommended that he shows his parents more affection
and talk to them more. 

Moral/Character/Philosophical Developmental Level

- He exceeds expectations because he exhibits empathy for others and considers ways to assist them. He should, nonetheless, learn how to play
fairly.
References
American Psychological Association. (2022). ACT Raising Safe Kids Program Factsheets and Handouts.

https://www.apa.org/act/resources/fact-sheets

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Child development.

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/facts.html

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Child development: Positive parenting tips.   

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/index.html

Child Development Institute (2019). The ages and stages of child development.

https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/

Ellsworth, J. (1998). Online lesson: PEPSI as a screening tool.

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/lesson2-1-1.html

Morin, Amy. (2021). Child Development: Milestones and Parenting Tips.

https://www.verywellfamily.com/child-development-overview-4172261
 References
NIH Medline Plus. (2021). Adolescent Development.

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002003.htm

Riley Children's Health: Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine (2021). Health Information: Development & Wellbeing.

https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/growth-development-3-5-years

Seifert, K. & Sutton, R. (2009). Educational Psychology. The Global Text Project.

https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Educational-Psychology.pdf

Slavin, R.E. (2021). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice. Pearson.

University of Washington. (1993). Child development: Using the child development guide.

http://depts.washington.edu/allcwe2/fosterparents/training/chidev/cd06.htm

Virtual Lab School. (2021). Professional Development for Child and Youth Educators.

https://www.virtuallabschool.org/learn