WELCOM TO

SAUDI BINLADIN GROUP

Hole Watch
Training
 Hole Watch Training
What is the Confined Space?
•Limited Openings
•Not designed for continuous occupancy
•Oxygen Deficiency
 Hole Watch Training
•Confined Space
Examples

•Vessels
•Tanks
•Exhaust Ducts
•Storage Bins
•Vats
•Trenches
•Sewers
 Hole Watch Training
•Confined Space Hazards

• Hazardous Atmosphere
• Engulfing Material
• Heat Related Illness
• Falls
• Other Serious Health or Safety
Hazard
 Hole Watch Training
• Confined Space Hazards

Oxygen Deficiency

o Difficulty Breathing
o Ringing Ears
o Sleepy/Exhausted
o Lightheaded/Happy
 Hole Watch Training
• Confined Space Hazards

Signs and Symptoms

• Toxic Chemicals

o Irritation
o Itching or Burning
o Nausea or Dizziness
o Difficulty Breathing
 Hole Watch Training
•The duty of the hole watch is to monitor the
entrants and the physical conditions of a
confined space and the surrounding area.

•The hole watch is

stationed at the
entrance to the confined
space and he wears a
red vest.
 Hole Watch Training
•The hole watch shall be in continuous, visual,
audible or radio contact with the entrants at all
times.
•The hole watch shall attend the field safety
meeting.
•The hole watch knows
the hazards associated
with the entry.
•The hole watch should
monitor the entrants for
signs or symptoms
associated with the
hazards.
 Hole Watch Training
Monitor Entrance
Confined Space safety depends on control at the point of
entry/exit.
• The hole watch shall track personnel entering and leaving the
confined space.
• He shall verify that the entrants record their entry/exit on the permit.
• The hole watch will remain at the entrance as long as there are
personnel in the confined space.
 Hole Watch Training
Emergency Notification

• The hole watch is responsible for the safety of the entrants.

• The hole watch shall, when necessary initiate Emergency Response via
his radio or an air horn.
• The hole watch shall notify entrants to exit a confined space in the
event of an emergency.
• The hole watch shall notify entrants to exit a confined space in the
event of a change in entry conditions.
• He shall account for all entrants.
 Hole Watch Training
Entrance Management
• The Hole Watch is responsible to maintain
control of the entrance to the confined space:
• The hole watch shall not allow unauthorized
personnel to enter a confined space. CONFINED
• The hole watch can only leave when he has SPACE PERMIT
been properly relieved or all entrants have REQUIRED
exited the confined space.
• The hole watch is responsible to hang "Do
Not Enter" signs and entry barriers when the
entry is complete or he is leaving the area and
all entrants are out of the confined space.
 Hole Watch Training
Do not allow entry to confined spaces such as
tanks, columns, vessels, boilers, furnaces or sewers
unless all requirements of the Confined Space Entry
General Instructions and the Job Safety Analysis
are met.
•Field Safety Meeting
•Special Permit Posted
•Entry Permit Posted
•Hole Watch Present
•Permit Conditions Met
•Rescue Plan in Place
 Hole Watch Training
WHEN PLANT ALARM SOUNDS
•Ensure all entrants are out of the confined space.
•Barricade entry and hang “Do Not Enter” tag.
•All non-essential personnel should report to the
nearest safe assembly site specified on the map.
• Review your specific route to your safe assembly area
when you are assigned to a work or job site.
• Observe wind direction and hazardous areas before
reporting to your assembly area, use alternate route or
site if necessary.
• Remain at your assembly area until notified of “All
Clear” signal.
 Hole Watch Training
In the event a hole watch must initiate an
emergency response, he should:

•Sound the air horn

•Identify Himself

•State exact location

•Explain the type and size of problem

•Identify type of assistance needed

 Hole Watch Training
Safe Work Practices
•The hole watch must never enter a confined
space to assist an entrant.
•More than 60% of all confined space fatalities
occurred when an unauthorized person rushed
into a hazardous environment without protective
equipment.
•Workers are not allowed to break the plane of an
entry, unless all permit requirements have been
met and a hole watch is on duty.
 Hole Watch Training
Work permits must be obtained before beginning
work within the facility.
* Designated Operations or Maintenance
representatives approve permits.
* Permits are valid only for the length of time
designated.
* Permits include specific safety conditions that
must be followed.
* Special Work Permits require gas testing at least
once per shift to insure safe working conditions.
* Permits will be suspended if conditions change
or an emergency develops.
 Hole Watch Training
Confined space entries require a red Special
Work permit and a green Entry permit.
•Permits must be
valid and posted at
the work location
while any work is
being performed.

•The hole watch, under the authority of the

Entry Supervisor is responsible to enforce the
conditions of the permit.
 Hole Watch Training
Review: A Hole Watch-
• Maintains Position at entrance
• Monitors Conditions (inside and out)
• Maintains Communication with entrants
• Attends Pre-entry Safety Meeting
• Gives Evacuation Orders
• Enforces conditions
of the permit
 Hole Watch Training
Review: A Hole Watch-
• Initiates Emergency
Response call
• Performs Head Count
• Signs Personnel In/Out
• Affixes Do Not Enter Signs
• Restricts Unauthorized Personnel
• Monitors entrants for signs and symptoms
related to associated hazards
 SBG Fall Protection Policy
Purpose: To eliminate injuries caused by falls
•Required for all work above 1.8 meters Unless
Scaffolding Erected Completely & green tagged.
•Use a Full Body Harness
•Lanyard attached to the back D-Ring on harness and a
substantial object:
•Non-insulated Pipe > 2” in diameter
•Structure or pipe support
•NOT Conduit, Instrument Leads, Insulated Pipe,
Sharp or Hot Surface
•Lifeline may be required for confined space entry.
•Harness, lanyard and equipment should be inspected
before and after each use.
•DO NOT use damaged harnesses or lanyards.
•Damaged harnesses or lanyards should be reported and
given to supervision
 Heat Related Illness
- Happens when your body gets too hot.
- Causes
High temperatures and humidity
Too much exercise/work
Not taking in enough water
- Symptoms
Cramps
Dizziness
Headache
Vomiting
Unconsciousness
- Prevention
Drink plenty of water.
Take frequent breaks in the shade
Wear loose clothing
If someone has heat related symptoms: CALL the SHARQ
Medical Department at 4444.
Safety-First,
Last and
Always
Excavations
 Excavation Hazards
Cave-ins are the greatest risk

Other hazards include:

 Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
 Inhalation of toxic materials
 Fire
 Moving machinery near the edge of the
excavation can cause a collapse
 Accidental severing of underground
utility lines
Injury and Death

• Excavating is one of the

most hazardous
construction operations
• Most accidents occur in
trenches 5-15 feet deep
• There is usually no
warning before a cave-
in
Definitions
• Excavation – a man-made cut, cavity, trench,
or depression formed by earth removal.
• Trench – a narrow excavation. The depth is
greater than the width, but not wider than 15
feet.
• Shield - a structure able to withstand a cave-
in and protect employees
• Shoring - a structure that supports the sides
of an excavation and protects against cave-
ins
• Sloping - a technique that employs a specific
angle of incline on the sides of the
excavation. The angle varies based on
assessment of impacting site factors.
 Focus of Training
• The greatest risk at an excavation

• How to protect employees from cave-ins

• Factors that pose a hazard to employees

working in excavations

• The role of a competent person at an

excavation site
Protection of Employees

Employees should be protected from

cave-ins by using an adequately
designed
protective system

Protective systems must be able to

resist all expected loads to the
system
 Requirements for
Protective Systems
A well-designed protective system
 Correct design of sloping and benching systems
 Correct design of support systems, shield
systems, and other protective systems

Plus
Appropriate handling of materials and equipment

Plus
Attention to correct installation and removal

Equals Protection of employees at excavations

Design of Protective Systems

The employer shall select and construct :

• slopes and configurations of sloping and benching
systems
• support systems, shield systems, and other
protective systems
• Shield - can be permanent or portable. Also
known as trench box or trench shield.
• Shoring - such as metal hydraulic, mechanical
or timber shoring system that supports the
sides
• Sloping - form sides of an excavation that are
inclined away from the excavation
 Protect Employees Exposed
to Potential Cave-ins
• Slope or bench the
sides of the
excavation,
• Support the sides of
the excavation, or
• Place a shield
between the side of
the excavation and
the work area
 Cave-in Hazard

This excavation
has inadequate
support posts and
egress access

Inadequate protective system

Inadequate Protective System

This worker is in a •
trench with no
protective system,
that is not sloped or
benched and has no
means of egress
Factors Involved in Designing a
Protective System
• Soil classification
• Depth of cut
• Water content of soil
• Changes due to
weather and climate
• Other operations in
the vicinity
Shoring
• General
• Provides a framework to work in
• Uses wales, cross braces and uprights
• Supports excavation walls
• OSHA/HSE tables provide shoring data
• Must know soil type
• Must know depth and width of
excavation
• Must be familiar with the OSHA Tables
Trench Shield

A trench
shield was
built around
this work area
Hydraulic Trench Support

• Using hydraulic jacks

the operator can easily
drop the system into the
hole
• Once in place, hydraulic
pressure is increased to
keep the forms in place
• Trench pins are
installed in case of
hydraulic failure
 Materials and Equipment
• Equipment used for
protective systems must
not have damage or
defects that impair
function.
• If equipment is damaged,
the competent person
must examine it to see if it
is suitable for continued
use.
• If not suitable, remove it
from service until a
professional engineer
approves it for use.
 Protection from Vehicles
• Install barricades
• Hand/mechanical
signals
• Stop logs
• Grade soil away from
excavation
• Fence or barricade
trenches left overnight
Hazardous Conditions
The weight and
vibrations of the
crane make this a
very hazardous
condition.
They should not
be working under
this crane.
 Spoils
• Don’t place spoils
within 2 feet from
edge of excavation
• Measure from nearest
part of the spoil to the
excavation edge
• Place spoils so
rainwater runs away
from the excavation
• Place spoil well away
from the excavation
Other Excavation Hazards
Water accumulation

Oxygen deficiency

Toxic fumes

Access/Egress

Falls

Mobile equipment
 Water is Hazardous

When water is
present in an
excavation it is
extremely
hazardous to
enter
Note that these workers are not
wearing hardhats to protect them
from materials falling into the trench
 Water = Cave-in Hazard

These workers must be protected from cave-in. Note the water

in the bottom of the trench. This is a very hazardous condition!
Hazardous Atmosphere
Test excavations more
than 4 feet before an
employee enters the
excavation for:
• Oxygen deficiency
• High combustible gas
concentration
• High levels of other
hazardous substances
 Means of Egress
This ladder does not meet the
A stairway, requirements of the standard
ladder, or ramp
must be present
in excavations
that are 4 or more
feet deep, and
within 25 feet of
the employees

The ladder should extend 3 feet

above the excavation
Access and Egress
These two ladders
which are lashed
together are not an
adequate means of
egress
The ladder should
extend 3 feet above
the top of the
excavation
Protection from Falls, Falling Loads,
and Mobile Equipment

• Install barricades
• Use hand / mechanical signals
• Grade soil away from excavation
• Fence or barricade trenches left
overnight
• Use a flagger when signs, signals and
barricades are not enough protection
Competent Person
Must have had specific
training in and be
knowledgeable about:
• Soils classification
• The use of protective systems
• The requirements of the
standard
Must be capable of identifying
hazards, and authorized to
immediately eliminate
hazards
 Inspections of Excavations
A competent person must
make daily inspections of
excavations, areas around
them and protective
systems:
• Before work starts and as
needed,
• After rainstorms, high winds
or other occurrence which
may increase hazards, and
• When you can reasonably
anticipate an employee will
be exposed to hazards.
 Inspections of Excavations
If the competent person
finds evidence of a possible
cave-in, indications of
failure of protective
systems, hazardous
atmospheres, or other
hazardous conditions:
• Exposed employees must be
removed from the hazardous
area
• Employees may not return until
the necessary precautions
have been taken
 Site Evaluation Planning
Before beginning excavation:
 Evaluate soil conditions
 Construct protective
systems
 Test for low oxygen,
hazardous fumes and toxic
gases
 Provide safe in and out
access
 Contact utilities
Fissure
 Determine the safety
equipment needed
 Summary
• The greatest risk in an excavation is a
cave-in.
• Employees can be protected through
sloping, shielding, and shoring the
excavation.
• A competent person is responsible to
inspect the excavation.
• Other excavation hazards include water
accumulation, oxygen deficiency, toxic
fumes, falls, and mobile equipment.