PERCEPTION

PERCEPTION

Perception is the process of receiving,

selecting, organising, interpreting,
checking and reacting to sensory inputs,
stimuli or data.
 Perceptual Process

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 

Behavior
 
ORGANIZATION  
Information
Actions
 
 
Objects
Attitudes
 
 
Events
Beliefs
  SELECTION INTERPRETATION  
People
Feelings
 
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION

EXTERNAL (in the object or environment)

  Intensity
 Size
 Contrast
 Motion
 Novelty and familiarity
 INTERNAL (in the person)
 Learning
M-A-C-T-A-V-I-S-H
M-A-C-B-E-T-H
  M-A-C-D-O-N-A-L-D
M-A-C-H-I-N-E-R-Y

No Throughfare
  Diverson Ahead

 Motivation
 Personality
Figure-Ground Relationship
FACTORS AFFECTING INTERPRETATION

• Past learning and Experience

• Current beliefs, assumptions and values
• Frame of reference or a mental filter
PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS

• Halo effect
• Stereotype
• Selective Perception
• Perceptual Defense
• Projection
Areas where Perception influences

• Employee Selection
• Performance Expectation
• Performance Evaluation
• Employee Effort
 Impression Management
Impression Management is process by
which individuals try to control the
impression others have of them by
Name dropping
Appearance
Self-description
Flattery
Favors
Agreement with opinion
 A situation
• An employee Ruchir was asked to submit a
financial analysis report by her boss
Rashmi, positively by Monday morning.
He failed to do so!!
• How is Rashmi likely to assess the
behaviour of Ruchir?
 Attribution Theory
• Attribution refers to the process in which people
interpret the reasons or causes for their own or
other’s behaviour.
• The knowledge about the causes of behaviour
brings order and predictability in certain actions
and events and assists us in knowing how to
respond.
 The Attribution Process
OBSERVATIONS ASSIGNMENT OF CAUSE RESPONSE
INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR

• Productivity CRITERIA
• Promptness BEHAVIOUR
• Attendance • Distinctiveness RESPONSE
SITUATIONAL • Consistency
FACTORS • Consensus

• Workload
• Resources
• Support
• Time
 Attribution Biases
Fundamental Attribution Error -
tendency to make attributions to internal
causes when focusing on someone else’s
behavior

Self-serving Bias - tendency to attribute

one’s own successes to internal causes and
one’s failures to external causes