High Voltage Engineering

Term Project
Hazem Hamam
962864
Design of HVAC & HVDC
Transmission Lines
Outline
Design of AC TL.
Design of DC TL.
Design of a 500kV, 2GW AC TL.
Design of a 400kV, 2GW DC TL.
Economic Comparison.
Conclusion.
Power Transmission

Importance of power transmission.

 Means to transmit and sell

power.
 Distant energy sources.

 Trading energy.

 Generation away from cities.

AC Transmission
Dominated transmission for a long time.
Needs synchronization.
Simple & cheap terminals.
Expensive towers.
Works well for short distances.
Use of models to represent lines.
AC Transmission Design

PLL at 5% VD, 30-45o AD.

Double or single circuit lines.
Margin to minimize over-loading.
Number of lines=total P/PLL.
AC Transmission Design
Entering current.
Appropriate conductor’s CCC.
Transformer (TRF) rating.
Conductors between TRF and TL.
Bundling.
AC Transmission Design
Insulation design criteria.
Withstand of standard unit = 15kv.
Adjacent centers at 0.146m.
Minimum clearance.
Sag and tension.
Tower dimensions.
AC Transmission Design
TRF protection.
 Over-load margin.
 CT ratio.
 Mismatch.
 Percentage operation line.
 Pickup value.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
PLL = 700MW.
Needs 3 lines, margin 2 lines double
circuit.
P/Circuit = 600MW, (670MVA)
I=3376.7A at 380kV.
4 incoming ACSR1033500,54,7
CCC=1060A.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
Each conductor to TRF 380/500kV
700MVA.
TRF Secondary 500kV, 780A.
From TRF Secondary 2 ACSR795,26,7
per bundle CCC=900A to first Tower.
Line Length = 700kM.
Ra=28.175 Ohms.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
Inductive reactance=272.033.
Capacitive reactance = 0.0029068.
SIL= 815.1MW.
Is=773.65A.
Ps=603MW.
Vr=512.47kV, V-angle=-0.05o.
Ir=660.7A.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
Pr=565.5MW.
Efficiency=93.8%.
Voltage Regulation=54.7%. (Very High)
TSSSL=908.662MW.
PLL=618.16MW.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
A withstand voltage of 30kV.
Switching Surge Criteria.
1 MV Insulation.
34 Units.
Two Strings for more mechanical
Strength.
Min clearance from ground is 12m.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
Phase-phase min clearance is 12m.
Surge Arrestors at beginning, 1/3, 2/3
and end of line.
SBD, more wind in the center.
TRF relays slope= 20% pickup 68.6A on
380kV side, 52.8 on 500kV side.
Design of 500kv, 2GW AC TL
Sag = 7m.
Tension = 31222.4 lb.
Lower circuit of tower’s height =20m.
Upper circuit of tower’s height =32m.
AC Line Diagrams

TRF TRF
1 5

TRF TRF
2 6

TRF TRF
3 7

TRF TRF
4 8
AC Tower Dimensions

12m
12m
32m

5.678m

20m

25 – 30 m
DC Transmission Design
Converting Station is expensive.
Converting TRF.
Converting Valve. (quad valves).
AC & DC filtering.
DC Transmission Line.
Pole Configuration
Smaller, Cheaper DC Towers.
Line Commutation.
DC Transmission Design
6-pulse configurations.

Converting
TRF +
DC
-

Thyristor Module
DC Transmission Design
12-Pulse Configuration
Thyristor Module

Mid-point
AC DC bus
arrestor
Side

DC
Side

Thyristor Quad-valve
Design of 400kv, 2GW DC TL
400kV DC and 500kV AC.
Converting Valves 400kV.
4kV thyristors, (100 LTT/valve)
Entering AC is 3380A at 380kV, in 4
ACSR 874500, 54, 7 of CCC 950A.
Every 2 conductors terminate in a HV
Bus-Bar at 380kV and 1200MVA.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
From BB to Conv.TRF ACSR 874500,
54,7 CCC=950 in 2 conductors/bundle
to the TRF. I = 1800A.
The Conv.TRF is a 3-windings
380kV/400kV 1200MVA.
 Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
After 20m of
ACSR 874500, 54, After 40m of ACSR
7cond.: 874500,54,7:
Drops negligible Drops and losses
negligible

Delta
winding
Bus-Bar at: 380kV
1200MVA TRF
2 conductors AC Converter TRF: protection
entering Filters TRF V=380kV/400kV
1 conductor protection S=1200MVA
leaving. TRF
3p 3 windings
protection

3p ACSR 874500, 54, 7

2 bundles Y winding
CCC=950A/bund
V=380kV 3p ACSR 874500,54,7 2
S=600MVA bundles
I=912A CCC=950A/bund
PF=0.9 leading V=380kV
S=1200MVA
I=1824A
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
Delta Side:
V=400kV
S=600MVA 3000
866 A
I=866A
A
Conductors are ACSR
795000,26,7 CCC=900
Length 20 m drops &
losses negligible

Mid-point +
400kV AC DC bus D
Side arrestor C
Y Side: -
V=400kV
S=600MVA
400kV
I=866A
DC
Conductors are ACSR
Side
795000,26,7 CCC=900
Length 20 m drops &
losses negligible
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL

From the DC To the DC

side of the Transmission Line side of the
converting DC converting
Filters
ACSR 874500, 54, 7 DC Filters
Valve Valve
3 bundles per pole
CCC per pole = 950A
Total I per pole = V = 352.75kV DC
V = 400kV DC 2750A P = 970.08MW
P = 1100MW R = 17.18 ohms I = 2750
I = 2750 Span = 200 m
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
Insulation for 800kV.
Number insulator units = 800kV / 30kV
= 26.67=27 units/ string.
12m clearance from phase-phase and
phase to neutral.
Surge arrestors at withstand of 1MV.
SA at beginning, 1/3,2/3,end of line.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
TRF protection assumes 30% overload.
CT 2400:5 and 1200:5.
Slope is 20%.
25% pickup means:
 380kV pickup = 115.2A.
 400kV pickup = 56.4A.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
Vr = 352.75kV.
Pr= 970.8MW.
Voltage Regulation = 13%.
Voltage Drop = 11%.
Efficiency = 88%.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
Lower design than AC is for less
voltage.
500kV DC performance is:
 8.2% Voltage Regulation.
 7.5% Voltage Drop.
 93% efficiency.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL
Span = 200 M
Sag = 8.94m
Tension = 31433.82
Pole’s Height 13 + 8.9 =21.9m.
Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL

Converting Converting
Valve Valve TRF 1
TRF 1

Converting Converting
TRF 2 Valve Valve TRF 2

Diagram of the Line

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC TL

12m

22m

15-20m

DC Tower Dimensions
Economic Comparison
Break-Even Distance.
AC Cost Estimation Legend:
 TRF >500MVA, 1MVA=150$.
 AC Towers 200m span = 80,000$.
 1m of conductor for AC = 80$.
DC Cost Estimation Legend:
 1 Station = 10,000,000$.
 DC Towers 200m span = 45,000$.
 1m of conductor for AC = 160$.
Economic Comparison
Table of Equipment:
Equipment Number Per Unit Price
TRF 380/500kV
700MVA 8 105,000$
AC Tower 200m
span 3,500 80,000$
AC Conductors 12/m 80$
     

Converter Station 2 10,000,000$

DC Tower 200m
Span 3,500 50,000$
DC Conductors 4/m 160$
AC & DC Costs
1. 98,644,000 $ for AC TL.
2. 91,040,000 $ for DC TL.
Conclusion
AC TL higher Tower and conductor
costs and lower terminal costs.
DC TL lower Tower and conductor costs
and higher terminal costs.
Economics determines the design to be
used.
Line length determines which one is
more economic.