Future of Design

The sustainable engineering studio

FPT HOA LAC

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Preliminary 3D thermal model

The model is used to check the whole MEP design

It is being at an initial preliminary phase
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Leed green building requirements
Inportant credits
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Indoor air quality strategies

Other credits
• Integrative design process
• Location and transportation
• Sustainable sites
• Materials and resources
• Innovation
• Regional priority

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High performance building requires to control energy
and comfort design before adding other green features.
Obligatory features to get building license in Europe include
- Thermal comfort
- Low CO2 concentrations within all densely occupied spaces
- Energy efficiency
- High performance daylight design with efficient electrical lighting
- Effective acoustic design

These are indispensable elements of a high performance building – a-must-to-have

whether pursuing a green building certificate or not.

- The next step is to consider other green features

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In Vietnam, there are many important issues ignored
in common design practices
In common practices:
- About thermal comfort: only designing the capacity of HVAC
without checking the air temperature condition, mean
temperature, PMV ...
- About low CO2 concentrations: only supplying fresh air as required
in standards without natural ventilation design
- About energy efficiency: Choosing equipment with experience base
method without calculation and quantitative assessment
- Absence of daylight design with efficiency electrical lighting and
glare control
- Absence of acoustic design in main occupied spaces

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High performance building requires to control energy
and comfort design before adding other green features.

Strictly control design features with poor performance is critical at the

moment:
- Avoid oversizing HVAC system - a very common situation in Vietnam, which
could be up to 200%. This helps gain savings to compensate for other high
quality green design features.
- In the phase of detail design, it is important to realize opportunities to
continuously optimize HVAC capacity as much as possible.
- Other consequences of HVAC oversizing includes prodigal problems in other
systems such as generators, transformers, pumps, fans, wires, pipelines,
areas for equipment, waste energy use in the long run, etc

230% 170% 200%

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 THE DIFFENCE BETWEEN
INPUT DATA OF CURRENT
DESIGN & EDEEC’S
SIMULATION

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Input of Current Design
Laboratory 1
88m2

20828 W

Area: 88 m2
Occ: SH 1365 W – LH 1575 W ~ 21 pers ~ 4.2 m2/per
Lighting: 2042 W ~ 23.2 W/m2
Equip: 1000 W ~ 11.4 W/m2
Peak load: 20828 W
The density of lighting is 23.2 W/m2, higher than the
requirement in the EEBC QCVN 09:2017. With current
LEDs technology, this value should be 4-5.5 W/m2 for
office space. If the required daylight performance is 500
lux, the density should be 8.08 W/m2 only. 8.07 W/m2
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Input of Current Design
Laboratory 1
88m2

20828 W

Peak load: 20828 W = 20.83 kW

Drawing: 2 x 14kW = 28 kW ~ 318 W/m2

There is a missing information on the date

of the peak load
The total load in the drawing is higher than
the peak load. Is this because reserve factor
was applied?

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 Current Design Equipment

Office1-A1: 3000 W

Office2-A1: 5000 W

Office3-A1: 10000 W

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Current Design
Office2,3-A3 at 2nd floor: Equipment load is zero

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Current Design
200 m2
Office1,2,3-A5 at 2nd
floor: use the same
figure of 1000W for
all spaces , with far
difference areas

172 m2

620 m2

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Current Design
Room Area Lighting Equip Occ Tải Bản vẽ Mật độ
(m2) (W/m2) (W/m2) (m2/per) đỉnh (kW) CS
(kW) (W/m2)
Lab 1 88 23.2 11.36 4.2 20.83 28 318
Lab 2 173 23.2 5.78 3.9 49.29 42 243
Lab 3 141 23.2 7.09 3.4 37.33 28 199
Office1-A1 209 17.4 14.35 5.0 59.28 284
Office2-A1 216 23.2 23.15 4.9 53.11 231.5 246
Office3-A1 588 23.2 17.01 5.8 119.34 202

231.7 kW
Lighting: Most rooms have a density of 23.2 W/m2 – far exceed the requirement in the
regulation QCVNV09:2017, which is only 11 W/m2 for office
Equip: There are different figures of equipment load in rooms with the same function,
which is unreasonable.
Occ: The density of people in the same function rooms differs significantly.
Cooling capacity: Some rooms are oversize (Lab 2 & 3), while others are lacking (Lab1)

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Current Design

Lack of heat transfer calculation via the roof of the A2 office, at 2nd floor, the conferencen
room and the A3, A1 offices, at 3rd floor, and the canteen at 4th floor.

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Current Design

Strong thermal
fluctuations
Thermal stability zone
02F
zone
The FCUs are arranged in
the way that FCUs with
smaller cooling power are
located at outer zones
which have intense thermal
fluctuation. FCUs with
higher cooling power are
located at inner zones Thermal
which have more stable fluctuations
thermal fluctuation zone

Moreover, the supply grilles are arranged inside, while the exhaust grilles are outside
>> This is unreasonable
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Current Design

PNNL guideline

Dividing thermal zones by virtual partitions is mandatory to achieve a high

performance design.
A large space, which is not divided into thermal zones, will have underestimated cooling load;
thus causing problem in thermal comfort. Unfortunately, this is a very popular issue in Vietnam.
Therefore, most all glass buildings in Vietnam have problem of thermal comfort, which is hot in
the areas near window but cold in the core.
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Current Design

Office areas and Canteen

at 4th floor are large zones

Effect of dividing thermal zones regarding solar gain calculation

In current design, large space were not divided into thermal zones, leading to
underestimated load

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Thermal performance of the building form &
building envelope
In Vietnam, this issue is totally neglected; instead beauty and safety standards were
the only major focus.

HVAC design often ignores to consider the input of building envelope such as the
heat transfer coefficient of glass, walls, roof, etc. and the sun-shading factors
created by the building itself and adjacent buildings.

The old approach often causes HVAC oversizing.

Energy simulation modeling

Energy simulation model on June 06 at 15:00

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Edeec Simulation Case
For office A5, 2nd floor

Indoor
Temperature:25 oC
Relative humidity: 65%

Input data

Wall: Uv = 1.8 W/m2.K

Glass: SHGC 0.44
Occ: 5 m2/ng
Lighting: 8.1 W/m2
Equip: 67 W/1 computer/1 per and 100 m2/ 1 water filter (580W)
Fresh air: 25 m3/h/per
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Energy simulation
Case 1: Supply fresh air for air-conditioned spaces

Current design Edeec

Lighting (W/m2) 23.2 8.1
Occ (m2/ng) 5.0 5.0
Equipment (W/m2) 3.02 23.14

HVAC design of the current design is applied for the Edeec simulation.
In general, the total cooling capacity of A5 office area at 2th floor is similar between
current design and Edeec simulation (216.5 kW và 221.4 kW).
The difference in lighting and equipment are compensating each other.

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Energy simulation

Case 2: Using heat recovery

Including the capacity of PAU (15.31 kW)

The difference in total cooling capacity of A5 office at the 2th floor between
EDEEC simulation and current design is up to 69.9 kW (31.59%)

>> The effect of heat recovery

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Checking the current calculation
The HVAC calculation is an important first step and need to be checked carefully
before implementing drawings

Calculating in details with 3D

thermal model, considering
parameters of building envelope
and common glass & cheap
materials.

The parameters of number of

people, fresh air supply &
equipment density are used in
accordance with the current design.

The work of heat and energy optimization was not conducted.

The final result shows that the total required cooling load is about 3800 kW, decreasing 23%,
significantly lower than 4933 kW of current design
The cost reduction is about 8 -12 billion Vietnam dong.

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 Physical indoor
environments

The HVAC design need to

control strict physical indoor
environments

Dividing thermal zones in detail

according to occupied spaces
Temperature variation in 1 year in the office zone

Checking operative temperature

and relative humidity
throughout the year

Choosing proper glass for

curtain wall to achieve the best
thermal comfort while
considering visual & acoustic
comfort.
Different glasses will give different mean temperature in
the same air temperature condition.
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 Physical indoor
environments
The HVAC design need to control
strict physical indoor
environments

Supplying fresh air, according to

the requirement in the building
code 25m3/h, may not be
sufficient for densely occupied
spaces to achieve the performance
of CO2 concentrations below
1000ppm

For direct air supply solution,

without preliminary treatment, it
will create high humidity in the
office.

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Checking the current calculation
The HVAC calculation is an important first step and need to be checked carefully
before implementing drawings

Current design is 5000 kW

Office area is 25000 m2

Equivalent to 250 W/m2

This is the common cooling load density in Vietnam to ensure low temperature as design.

This way of design leads to HVAC oversizing, wasting initial investment for HVAC system, as
well as wasting problem in electrical systems (transformers, backup generators, wires, …)

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Checking the current calculation
Current calculation have many
unreasonable input figures, ignoring heat
absorption through the roof ....

The cooling loads on the calculation

table do not match with those on the
drawing

The Daikin Heatload software does not

take into account for shading factors due
to the building itself
 Checking the current calculation
Current cooling load: 5000 kW
Recalculated cooling load: 3800 kW
Cooling load with heat recovery system:
3100 kW
There are many more optimization
potentials to further reduce the capacity
deeply & the cost of the system
Further research is recommend

Note: The current cost for MEP is only 20.4

billion Vietnam dong, in which the cost for
HVAC could be less than 14 billion Vietnam
dong, accounting for 2 third of the MEP cost.
Wheares, with the HVAC size of 5000 kW,
the cost for the system must be 40-45 billion
Vietnam dong. The work of optimization the
system to meet the available cost is necessary.
Reducing the HVAC size will also help to reduce
energy use in the operating phase.
There are expensive building which is not green
And there are also green building which is not expensive

It is all about the way the building is designed and built, not
about high tech or green trees put into the roofs and balconies
www.edeec.com

“Design is not just what it looks like and feels like.

Design is how it works.“
Steve Jobs, Former CEO & Co-Founder, Apple Inc.

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2F Agohub, 12 Hoa Ma Str. HN
info@edeec.com

www.edeec.com

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