Energy Efficiency Guidelines

F CKE Design
For D i
y Scope
The guidelines apply to electrical installations for non-residential buildings
either it is a conventional design or design and build such as the peak design
rate of electrical energy usage for all purposes is greater than 10W/m² of gross
floor area.
y Ob
Objective
The objective of these guidelines is to ensure that electrical system design
comply with the minimum requirements of MS 1525:2007-
1525:2007 Code of Practice on
Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy for Non-Residential Buildings
(First Revision).
y Responsibility
Head of Design Team (HODT) is responsible for ensuring adherence to these
guidelines.
y Method of Compliance
HODT shall use the EE checklist as in Appendix 3 together with these
guidelines. This checklist shall be submitted during Design Verification and
attached with JKR.PK Form(O).02-2 (Form Review / Verification / Validation).
 Passive and Active Design
Passive Design Elements
y Building Orientation Helps
H l in
i reducing
d i
y Building Envelope cooling & lighting
Natural Air Ventilation
load demand
y
y Interior Space Layout Design

Active Design
g Elements
• Air Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation Helps in
• Innovative Lighting System reducing
• Energy Efficient Office Appliances & Plug Loads
electrical
• Comprehensive Energy Management System
demand
 Building Energy Intensity (BEI)
Conventional KeTTHA-LEO
300
kWh / m² per yr 275

200

120
100 93 100
64 62
25
11
0
Cooling Lights Other Total
Lighting Design
y Types of lighting
Lighting Design
y Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lighting
- reducing power consumption by around 25%
- last 10 to 15 years lifetime with long burning times
- more compact and 60% lighter weight than
electromagnetic ballasts.
- give
i freedom
f d from
f the
h 50Hz
50H lamp
l fli
flicker
k
- lower heat generation
- lamp starting is instantaneous

y Electromagnetic Ballast
- ballast loss not to exceed 6
6.0
0 W in accordance to MS IEC 60929:1995
60929:1995.
Lighting Design
Design Criteria

No Interior Surfaces Range of Useful Reflectance

1 Ceiling 0.6 – 0.9
2 Walls 0.3 – 0.8
3 Working Planes 0.2 – 0.6
4 Floor 0.1 – 0.5

Table 1: Range of useful reflectance for the major interior surfaces

Illuminance of immediate
Task illuminance lux
surrounding lux
≥ 750 500
500 300
300 200
≤ 200 Same as task illuminance

Table 2: Illuminance of immediate surroundings and task illuminance

Lighting Design
Design Criteria
y Maximum allowable lighting power
Max. lighting power
Building Types / Space
(W / m²)

Restaurants 15

Offices 15

Classrooms / Lecture Theatres

15

Auditoriums / Concrete Halls

15

Hotel / Motel Guest Rooms 15

Lobbies / Atriums / Concourse

20

Supermarkets / Department
Stores / Shops 25

Stores / Warehouses / Stairs /

Corridors / Lavatories 10

Car Park 5
Illuminance
Levels
Illuminance
Levels
 Lighting Design
Design Criteria
Lighting Zone & Controls
• Automatic
A lighting
l h controll for
f lighting
l h loads
l d exceeding
d 100kW.
100kW
• Lighting zone control to take into account:
- separate circuit where day light can be use and alternate switching to optimize the use
g g
of lighting
- 1 switch for max. 1kW on lighting load
- 1 switch for each task or group of task within an area less than 30m2
 Sub Metering
y Electrical energy meters shall be provided
for all energy uses of ≥ 100kVA and shall
be installed at strategic load centres to
monitor energy consumption of key
building services such as the outgoing sub-
circuits serving, but not limited to the
following:
◦ Central air-conditioning system
◦ Lifts
◦ Major water pumping system
◦ Plug loads
◦ Lightings
g g
 Transformers Design
All transformers in the building’s electrical system shall have efficiencies
not lower than 98% for size below 1000kVA and not less than 99% for
sizes equal to or greater than 1000kVA at full load conditions.

Location of Distribution Transformers

y L
Location off distribution
d b transformers
f should
h ld comply
l withh table
bl below:
b l

Load fed by Transformers Distance of Transformer

from Load Centres
> 600 A Not more than 20 meters

300 A to 600 A Not more than 100 meters

 Transformers Design
y The no load and full load losses for 11 kV transformers shall not exceed the
following values:

y Dry-type Oil-Filled
Rated Power No Load On-Load Loss Total Losses Rated Power No-Load On-Load Total Losses
(kVA) Loss (W)* (W)* (W)* (kVA) Loss (W)* Loss (W)* (W)*
400 810 4520 5330 100 300 1500 1800

500 840 5350 6190 300 600 2800 3400

630 1140 5910 7050 500 1000 4100 5100

800 1420 5500 6920 750 1200 6000 7200

1000 1580 6650 8230 1000 1400 7000 8400

1250 1880 8170 10050

1600 2290 9650 11940

2000 2860 12940 15800

2500 3330 14990 18320

y Data obtain from JKR Specification

Renewable Energy
y Potential
P i l RE project
j shall
h ll be
b assessed
d by
b the
h availability
il bili and
d reliability
li bili off the
h
resources i.e solar, wind, geothermal, low-impact hydro, biomass and others.
Generation of renewable electricity using photovoltaic (PV) system is highly
recommended in the Malaysiany climate.
y If PV system is to consider in the design, as of minimum requirement, it is
suggested to estimate the installed power capacity (kWp) where 0.5 % (of total)
or 5 kWp (of PV) whichever is the greater, of the total electricity consumption is
generated by renewable energy .
 Suggested Methods for Energy
Efficiency by Others in JKR
y Energy Efficient Office Equipment and Plug Loads

ption

ƒ By itself reduce electricity consumption

ƒ Less heat emission and thus helps in reducing
cooling load (less load on the air-conditioning
air conditioning
system)
 Suggested Methods for Energy
Efficiency by Others in JKR
y Energy Management System (EMS)
EMS shall be considered for buildings having area greater than 4000 m² of air-
conditioned space where it is a subset of the building automation system function.

For the installations taking supply at 11kV and above from TNB, it is
recommended to install the EMS complete with maximum demand (MD) limiting
controller for controlling and reducing MD in TNB bill.
Energy Efficiency
Ch kli
Checklist
(Electrical
A
Aspects Only)
O l )
Energy Efficiency
Ch kli
Checklist
(Electrical
A
Aspects Only)
O l )
Energy Efficiency
Ch kli
Checklist
(Electrical
A
Aspects Only)
O l )
Th k Y
Thank You…
 Building Orientation
- M j it off windows
Majority i d fface th
the N
North
th and
dSSouth
th
- Minimum no. of windows in the East and West facing wall. Thus,
√ Reduce direct sunlight from entering the building (as the sun
rises from the East and sets in the West)
9 Minimise heat gain from sunlight
9 Reduce cooling load

N
Building Envelope Insulation
y INSULATION OF WALL AND ROOF
◦ Common Insulation Materials
x TYPE OF WALL-BRICK & AERATED CONCRETE
x TYPE OF ROOF-POLYSTYRENE & MINERAL WOOL
Natural Air Ventilation Thermal Flue
Stack
 SPACE PLANNING
To maximise the p
penetration of daylight
y g into inner space
p
• The offices along the perimeter have primarily glazed partition walls
towards the inner parts of the building, such that daylight will filter
through
g to those areas too.
Reduced Office Lighting
g g Load

y Bad Design : 25 – 40 W/m2

y Typical Design : 15 – 25 W/m2
y Proposed MS1525 : 15 W/m2
y KeTTHA LEO : 12 W/m2
y Greentech GEO : 6 W/m2
y Better
B tt Design
D i : < 6 W/m2
W/ 2
 Nama Pepasangan LPI (W/m2) Plug Loads
(W/m2)
1. Bangunan Persekutuan Jalan Anson, Pulau 9 2
Pinang
2 Bangunan Persekutuan Temerloh,
2. Temerloh Pahang 13 2
3. Bangunan Persekutuan Greentown, Ipoh 14.7 2.6
4. Blok C7, Kompleks C, Putrajaya 6 2.4
5. Bangunan Persekutuan Jalan Doktpr, Kota 12 16
Bharu
6.Jabatan Kimia, Pulau Pinang 15.8 6.6