Reservoir Simulation -

Gassim
 Reservoir Simulation

• From textbook “Gas Reservoir

Engineering” by Lee and Wattenbarger
• VBA program in Excel
• Intended for student usage
– Analytical, numerical,
transformation methods
• 1D or 2D
• Cartesian or radial grid
• Single phase – gas or liquid
 Data organization

• Single section
• Grid section
• Schedule section

(each section ends with END)

 Single section
• Each data has one value (except CNST)
• Specifies:
– Grid size
– Reservoir temperature, reference pressure
– Gas gravity, Sw, cf, cw
– Whether radial coordinates
– Whether liquid (with Bo, μo)
• Specifies certain run controls:
– Matrix methods
– Newton iterations
 Example of Single Data
CMNT
CMNT Homogeneous Cylindrical Reservoir
CMNT Radial Flow, Constant-rate production, Infinite-acting
CMNT Slightly Compressible Fluid
CMNT

CMNT
CMNT Single Value Input Data
IMAX 20
JMAX 1
RWEL 0.5 (radial coordinates)
CROC 0.000015
PREF 3000
NEWT 1
BETA 0
CMNT Bo, rcf/scf mo, cp
CNST 1.475 0.72 (liquid case)
END
CMNT Grid Input Data
.
.
.END
CMNT Schedule Data
..
.
END
 Grid Section
• Specifies data for each gridblock
• Specifies grid dimensions
– 2D (DELX, DELY and H)
– radial (RR, DELY)

• Grid data:
– permeability
– porosity
– thickness
– initial pressure
 Example of cartesian grid
I=

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
IMAX 10
JMAX 5
RWEL 0.5
.
J= 1
.
.

END
DELX 110
DELY 150 2
H 30
.
.
.
END
3
CMNT Schedule Data
.
.
.
END
4

5
 Example of radial grid
IMAX 10
JMAX 2 -1 indicates that an
RWEL 0.5 array follows.
. Otherwise a constant
. value is used
.

END
RR -1
0.77 1.19 1.84 2.84 4.40
6.79 10.50 16.22 25.06 38.7
DELY 150
.
.
.
END
CMNT Schedule Data
.
.
.
END
 Schedule Section
• Controls well specifications
– location (NAME)
– constant rate (QG)
– contant pwf (PWF)
• Controls time schedule output
– 1 means output at TIME output
– 2 means output each timestep
• Controls timesteps (DELT, ALPH, DTMX)
 Schedule example
NAME 1 3 5 0
QG 1 12000
TIME 365
END
Well 1 is located at I = 3, j = 5 and produces at a
constant rate of 12,000 scf/day for 365 days
 Schedule example
NAME 2 6 8 0
PWF 2 1500
TIME 730
END
Well 2 is located at I = 6, j = 8 and produces at a
constant BHP of 1500 psia for 730 days
 Schedule example
NAME 1 3 5 0 Well 1 produces at a
NAME 2 6 8 0 constant rate of 12,000
scf/day for 730 days.
QG 1 12000 Well 2 produces at
constant BHP after 365
TIME 365 days until 730 days.
PWF 2 1500
TIME 730
END
Schedule Section – programming
logic
• When a TIME data line is read, the
simulator executes the timesteps
required to reach that time
then ---- it reads the data to the
next TIME data line
 Timestep control
• DELT – sets the first Δt for the time
period
• ALPH – sets Δt equal to ALPH time
the previous timestep’s Δt (after the
first timestep in the period)
• DTMX – sets a maximum value for Δt
 Timestep example
The timestep
sequence is
• DELT 1 1

• ALPH 1.5 1.5

2.25
• DTMX 10 3.375

• TIME 60 5.06
7.59
10
10
10
10
 Timestep control
• Well conditions (QO or PWF) change
after a TIME data line, a small DELT
should be included so the new
rate/pressure conditions start with
small timesteps
DELT 1
ALPH 1.5
NAME 1 3 5 0
NAME 2 6 8 0
QG 1 12000
TIME 365
DELT 1
PWF 2 1500
TIME 730
END