Literature

Literature
• is a term used to describe
written and sometimes
spoken material.
• derived from the Latin
word “litteratura”
meaning “writing formed
with letters”
• Literature represents the
culture and tradition of a
language or people
 I. PROSE
- literature that is in its
ordinary form, without
metrical or rhyming
structure
- also called as “ordinary
writing”
 II. POETRY

- based on the
interplay of words
and rhythm.
- it often employs
rhyme and meter
 PROSE VS POETRY
“I walked about all alone over the hillsides.”

I wondered lonely as a cloud ///

That floats on high over vales and hills
 PROSE: FICTION

FICTION: refers to any

narrative that is derived from
the imagination. These are not
factual and merely invented by
the author.
 i. FAIRYTALE

– story about kings, queens,

princes and princesses with a
touch of magic
(Cinderella, Snow
White, Sleeping
Beauty)
 ii. Mythology

– story about gods and

goddesses

(Greek mythology,
Roman mythology)
 iii. Legend

– story about the origin of a place

or a thing

(The Legend of Atlantis, The Legend

of Bloody Mary, The Legend of
Yamashita’s Treasure)
 iv. Novel
- a long narrative with an organized
plot; typically published as a book;
usually with a maximum of 500
pages

(The Notebook, To Kill a

Mockingbird, The Lord of the
Rings, Harry Potter)
 v.Novelette
- a narrative with an organized
plot usually with a maximum of
300 pages
 vi. Short Story
– a narrative with an organized
plot usually with a maximum of
100 pages

(The Lottery. The Necklace, The

Cask of Amontillado)
 vii. Fable
– story that uses animals as
characters and with moral lesson

(The Ants and The Grasshopper,

The Goose With the Golden Eggs)
PROSE: NONFICTION
NONFICTION: it is a
prose writing that is
based on facts, real
events and real people.
 i. Autobiography
- life story of a person written by
himself
 ii. Biography
– life story of a person written by
another person
 iii. Newspaper
– collection of news articles about
various current events
 iv. Journal
– daily record of personal events
 POETRY: NARRATIVE
NARRATIVE: is a form of poetry
which tells a story
 i. Epic
– about supernatural powers
possessed by heroes and heroines
 ii. Ballad
– a narrative poem with harmony
and rhythm
 POETRY: LYRIC
LYRIC: is a form of poetry which
expresses personal and emotional
feelings. Originally, lyric poems
were sung accompanied by a lyre.
 i. Song
– a lyric poem intended to be
sung, with melodious harmony and
rhythm
 ii. Sonnet
– a lyric poem consisting of 14
iambic pentameter lines
 iii. Ode
- a lyrical poem praising or
glorifying an event or individual,
describing nature intellectually as
well as emotionally
 iv. Elegy
– a lament for the dead
 POETRY: DRAMA

DRAMA: usually intended to

be performed on a stage
 i. Historical

- a theatrical play with

historical plot
 ii. Comedy

– a theatrical play with a

happy ending
 iii. Tragedy

- a theatrical play with the

death of some major
characters