“Naration, Theme and

Moral Value”
Subject : Prose
Ni Made Reniska Sintia Ari Ardhania Marsanda

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 01 02
Definition and Purpose Characteristic/Type

03 04
Examples Questions
 I. Naration

Narration refers to the way that a story is told,

Point of View
and so belongs to the level of discourse.

The narrator is who is telling the story In literature, point of view is defined as
the perspective from which a story is
Sometimes the narrator is a participant in the story they’re told.
telling and sometimes they are describing events that .
happened to someone else.
.
The Importance of Naration
Kind of Narrations :
1. First Person Point of View
In first person point of view, the story is told from the narrator’s perspective : uses first person
pronouns, like I, we, me, my, our, and us.

2. Second Person Point of View

In second person point of view, the story is told from the perspective of another character.
When something is written in second person, the writer uses second person pronouns (like “you,”
“yourself,” and “your”) in the text that falls outside of dialogue, too.

3. Third Person : he, she, they

Third Person
Three different kinds of third person narrators:

1. Omniscient Narrators
Have access to the thoughts perceptions and experiences of more than one character, often of several,
Usually focus selectively on a few important characters

2. Limited Narrators
the limits narrator will reveal the thoughts and feelings small number of characters in order to enhance the
story told about the central consciousness

3. Objective Narrators
the objective narrator does not explicitly report the character’s thoughts and feelings that may indirectly
suggest them through character speech and actions stories using an objective narrator consist mostly of
dialogue and minimal description
 II. Theme
A theme is a central, unifying idea. It's the bigger issue that emerges as the
characters pursue their goals.

The theme of a story can be conveyed using characters, setting, dialogue, plot, or a
combination of all of these elements.
Six common themes in literature
are:
1. Good vs. evil
2. Love
3. Redemption
4. Courage and perseverance
5. Coming of age
6. Revenge
Literacy Theme 1: Good vs. Evil
J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, or a main character against society at large, as in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird.

Literary Theme 2: Love

• Forbidden love : Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare and Atonement by Ian McEwan.
• Family love. The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner and My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult.
• Unrequited love. The pain of loving someone : The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux and The Sun Also
Rises by Ernest Hemingway.
• Friendship : The Body by Stephen King (adapted into a film, Stand By Me) and The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R.
Tolkien.

Literary Theme 3: Redemption

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens and Les Miserables by Victor Hugo.

Literacy Theme 4: Courage and Perseverance

A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle and Black Hawk Down by Mark Bowden.
Literary Theme 5: Coming of Age
tLittleWomen by Louisa May Alcott, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.

Literary Theme 6: Revenge

the Iliad by Homer, Carrie by Stephen King, The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas.
Literacy Theme 4: Courage and Perseverance
A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle and Black Hawk Down by Mark Bowden.

Literary Theme 5: Coming of Age

Examples of books that employ coming of age as a central theme include Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, Great
Expectations by Charles Dickens, and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger.

Literary Theme 6: Revenge

Examples of stories that use revenge as their central theme include: The Iliad by Homer, Carrie by Stephen King, The
Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas, and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.
 III. Moral Value
Moral values are the values which are associated
with customs, manners, and behavior
(Zuriah, 2007).
Kinds of Moral

1) the issue of human relationships with themselves.

honesty, humanity, sincerity, patience, responsibility, self control, bravery, regret, hard work, fear

2) the relationship of humans with other humans in the social live, including their relationship with nature,
and Relationship With the Natural Environment (Social)

3) the human relationship with God (Nurgiyantoro, 2005).

Example :
The Thirsty Crow Story

It was a hot summer’s day. A thirsty crow flew into a village in search of water. The crow flew over the
houses, fields, and trees. But he didn’t find any water. After a long time, he came across a farm. Under one of
the trees on the farm was a pitcher of water.

Happy that he found some water finally, he swooped down to the tree and then down to the ground. He
quickly moved towards the pitcher and looked inside. There was very little water in the pot. The crow put his
beak inside the pitcher but could not reach the water. The water level was too low, and the narrow opening
prevented his neck from going all the way down.

He tried to push the vessel down to let the water out, but it was too heavy. The crow was disappointed. He
was really thirsty and needed a drink of water badly. He could have given up and flown to another farm,
looking for water.

But he didn’t. Instead, he looked around and thought, “What else can I do?” He saw that there were a lot of
pebbles on the farm. And, he had an idea! He collected a pebble and put it into the pitcher. He collected
another pebble and another and put them all in the pitcher. As he added more and more stones, the water
level came up to the brim.

The crow drank the water and flew back home happily!
Exercise : 1. Can you identify the theme of this story?
2. Can you tell me, what kind of POV that use in this story?
3. What moral value that you get from this story?
THE STORY OF THE DEAF FROG

One day, frogs decided to organize a competition. This competition aimed to climb on the top of a very
high tower. A group of frogs got together to watch their friends, and the competition started.

None of the frogs in the audience believed that the contestants could reach the top of the tower. They all
shouted;
“Poor ones! They will never succeed!”

In the end, all but one lost their hope and left the race.

The last frog left in the race managed to reach the top of the tower with great effort and struggle. Other
frogs, in amazement, wanted to learn how the frog could succeed. One of the frogs came closer and asked;
“How did you do this?”
At that very moment, they realized that the frog that climbed the high tower was deaf!

Always be deaf to people who say you cannot make your dreams come true. Don’t listen to people with
negative thoughts.
Do you have any
questions?
 Conclusion

Narration, theme and moral value

are the aspect that very important
and useful in literature especially in
prose.
Those are related one and the other.
Thank You.