Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas-1

Rizal’s Annotation: Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas By Arnel G. Perez, MS

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Phillipines Isles)
 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles) was

a historical account which described the scenarios in the
Philippines from 1493 to 1603 under the colonial rules of Spain.
 Dr. Antonio de Morga as the principal author of the Sucesos de
las Islas Filipinas, published his work in 1609.
 This work, perhaps was the best account of Spanish colonialism
in the Philippines and it was merely based partly on documentary
research, partly on keen observation, and partly on Morga's
personal involvement and knowledge.
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Phillipines Isles)
 The book was published in two volumes, both in 1609 by

Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City
 1609 (April 17) - Viceroy Luis de Velasco authorized the
publication and granted Morga the sole right to publish it
for ten years
 1609 – Fray Garcia Guerra, archbishop of Mexico,
approved the publication of the work
Chapter Summary: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
 1493 to 1603 – Pre-Colonial Philippines to Colonialism

 The first volume is consisting seven chapters, this deals with
the discoveries, conquests, and other events ... until the death
of Don Pedro de Acuna.
 The first 7 chapters underscore the accomplishments of the
different governor-generals assigned in the Philippines
 The last chapter (Chapter 8) contains a brief summary and
account of the nature of these regions, their inhabitants, the
manner of governing and converting them, and other details
As mentioned by Blair and Robertson (1907), Morga’s book is written in the true historic spirit, which has a special
value. Its various threads of the history of the islands are followed systematically. This includes political, social, and
economic phases of life. Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas vividly portrayed:
 The natives and their conquerors;
 The futility of the Spanish policy in making external expeditions;
 The consequent neglect of internal affairs;
 The great Chinese question;
 The growth of trade;
 Communication with Japan;
 Missionary movements from the islands to surrounding countries;
 The jealous and envious opposition of the Portuguese; and
 The dangers of sea−voyages
✞ The first chapter of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
describes the rich and precious islands found in the part of the
world called Asia.
✞ Among the most famous of them are the islands of Maluco,
Celeves, Tendaya, Luzon, Mindanao, and Borneo, which are now
CHAPTER 1 called the Filipinas.
✞ This chapter likewise describes the defeat of Fernando Magallanes
and the successful pacification of Adelantado, Miguel de Legazpi
from the islands of Sebu to the Luzones.
✞ This chapter also underscores how Fray Andres de Urdaneta
(Order of St. Augustine) spreads Catholism in the islands of Sebu
and Luzon
✞ 1564 – Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Fray
Andres de Urdaneta left Puerto de la Natividad
going to the island of Luzones to Sebu
✞ Chief Tupas of Sebu attempts to resist Legazpi
together with its troops
✞ Ciudad de Sanctisimo Nombre de Jesus, the
first Spanish settlement was found in Sebu
✞ Miguel Lopez de Legazpi had named all the
islands, Filipinas in honor of his Majesty, king
CHAPTER 1 Filipo II (Philip II)
CHAPTER 1 ✞ 1571 (May 19) – Martin de Goiti pacified the islands of Luzon
(Manila – Raja Mora and Tondo – Raja Matanda)
✞ 1574 – After 10 years of pacification and subjugation,
Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi died and buried his
body in the monastery of St. Augustine
✞ 1574 – Guido de Labazarris by the virtue of dispatch, he took
the office and continued the conversion and pacification
✞ Limahong from China attacked Manila and killed Martin de
Goiti
✞ Joan de Salzedo, captain from Vigan brought reinforcement
in Manila
✞ 1575 – Doctor Francisco de Sande appointed as
governor and captain of the island of the Philippines
✞ The submission and pacification of the islands
continued: province of Camarines (Capt. Pedro Chaves);
and island of Jolo (Capt. Estevan Rodriguez de
Figueroa)
✞ The ship San Juanillo under the command of Capt. Juan
de Ribera lost at the sea
✞ Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa replaced Doctor
CHAPTER 2 Sande as governor and captain-general of the island
✞ 1580 – Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa, native of Arevalo
and chief alguacil of the Audencia of Mexico appointed governor
of the Filipinas for life.
✞ Don Fray Domingo de Salazar, of the Dominican order was
appointed as the first bishop of the Filipinas and erected his
CHAPTER 3 cathedral in the city of Manila
✞ The first order in the Filipinas were established by Frs. Antonio
Sedeno and Alonso Sanchez
✞ 1583 - Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa died due to his poor
health and buried in the monastery of St. Augustine in Manila
✞ 1583 – Diego Ronquilo kinsman of Don Gonzalo succeeded and
assumed the governorship and continued the pacification in the islands
✞ 1583 – a fire broke out in the city of Manila which started at midday in
the church of the convent of St. Augustine – great loss of goods and
property, and some persons were in danger
✞ The city was rebuilt with great difficulty and labor, leaving the Spaniards
very poor and needy
✞ The royal Audiencia in the city of Manila was ordered to established by
Mariscal Gabriel de Ribera
✞ Doctor Sanctiago de Vera, alcalde of the Audencia of Mexico assigned
president of the Audencia
CHAPTER 3 ✞ Don Antonio de Ribera went as third auditor
✞ 1584 (May) – the president and auditors of the Audiencia
arrived in the Filipinas, Diego Ronquillo as the governor
✞ The president of the Audiencia, Sactiago de Vera
discovered the plan rebellion and insurrection among the
native chiefs of Manila and Pampanga
✞ Fortress of Nuestra Senora de Guia (Baluarte de San Diego)
was built within the city of Manila on the land side
✞ 1589 – Viceroy Don Luis de Velasco sailed in Nueva
Espana
✞ 1590 (May) – Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, Corregidor of
Leon/ Murcia was appointed governor and captain-general
CHAPTER 4 of the Filipinas and knight of the Order of Sanctiago
✞ 1590 – Governor General Gomez Perez Dasmarinas’
administration underscore the following: submission of the
Audiencia of Manila; establishing the paid garrison; walling of
the city; building of cavalier; increase the the trade in China;
pacification of Zambales and the province of the Pintados; and
building artillery in Manila.
✞ The Manila wall and other fortifications, the building of galleys,
the regulation of trade, various pacifications, the rebuilding of
Manila, and the opening of negotiations with Japan, are all a
CHAPTER 5 part of his administration, and he is the inspirer of them all.
✞ During his administration, the relations and peace existing between
Japanese and the Spaniards of the Filipinas began to become strained
✞ Taicosama (lord of the Xapon) demanded submission and tribute, and
threatened the government of Gomez Perez Dasmarinas
✞ 1593 – Governor General Gomez Perez Dasmarinas’ plans to pacify the
province of the Pintados led to his tragic death. He was killed by the Chinese
rowers who coveted their money, jewels, and other articles of value
✞ 1593 – Prior to the death of Gov. Gen. Dasmarinas, a great fleet led by his
son Luis Perez Dasmarinas was send in the island of the Pintados
✞ 1593 –In the death of gov. gen. Perez, Pedro de Rojas, lieutenant-assessor
was chosen governor ad interim for fourty days
CHAPTER 5 ✞ 1593 – Luis Perez Dasmarinas took the office by virtue of an appointment
✞ 1595 – Antonio de Morga, as lieutenant to the governor filled the office of the
lietenant-assesor
✞ 1595 – In the administration of Luis Perez Dasmarinas affairs begin actively with
Camboja through the expedition dispatched under Juan Xuarez Gallinato, and
Blas Ruiz de Hernan Gonzales, and Diego Belloso.
✞ 1595 – During the expedition, usurping Cambodian king, Anacapara was killed
and thrown the country into confusion
✞ 1595 – In Cochinchina, Blas Ruiz and Belloso went to the kindom of Lao to find
the legitimate king of Camboja, Prauncar but on their arrival they found that he
has died.
✞ 1595 – Gallinato retrieved articles from the Chinese and returned them in Manila
✞ 1595 – Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa agrees to subdue Mindanao but upon
CHAPTER 5
reaching the island he was ambushed and killed
✞ 1596 – Governor Francisco Tello appointed governor-general

of the Filipinas and in his arrival Fray Ignacio de Santibanez
was appointed archbishop.
✞ 1596 – Juan Ronquillo was sent to Mindanao (La Caldera)
and he became victorious over the combined forces of
Mindanaos and Ternatans.
✞ 1596 – On his return from Cochinchina, Gallinato was
accused of not following up the victory at Camboja
✞ 1596 – The incipient rebellion in Cagayan was investigated
(the plan murder of their leader by his own countrymen was
CHAPTER 6 persuaded by reward)
✞ 1596 – Alvaro de Mendana de Neira’s expedition from Peru to
rediscover Solomon Islands reached the Filipinas
✞ 1597 – San Geronymo dispatched to Nueva Espana compelled
to stop over in the port of Japan because of the heavy storm.
✞ 1597 – The passengers of San Geronymo were allowed to
return in Manila but six Franciscan missionaries; three Jesuits;
and seventeen native helpers were crucified (Taicosama’s
wrath - Toyotomi Hideyoshi)
✞ 1597 – The religious wrote a letter of farewell to Dr. Morga and
informing him about the intentions of Japan to attack
CHAPTER 6 Philippines.
✞ 1597 – Luis Navarrete Fajardo was sent in Japan to demand
satisfaction. Japanese residing in Manila were sent back in Japan.
✞ 1597 – through the instrumentality of Father Alonzo Ximenez, affairs in
Camboja were again set on foot.
✞ 1597 – Juan Pacho with his twenty men were killed during the incursion
in Jolo
✞ 1598 – The archbishop arrived and the Manila Audiencia was
reestablished by the royal orders
✞ 1598 – Luiz Perez Dasmarinas secured permission to attempt an
expedition to the mainland, to aid the king of Camboja, and to seize the
kingdom of Champan (Champa) who caused a constant menace to all
CHAPTER 6 navigators throughout the region..
✞ 1598 – El Pinal (an open port to Spaniard) were opened through
the effort of Juan de Zamudio
✞ 1598 – Luiz Perez Dasmarinas sent Hernando de los Rios Coronel
to negotiate in Canton, China.
✞ 1599 – Joloans and Mindanaos were encouraged by the final
CHAPTER 6 abandonment and dismantling of the fort at La Caldera, joined in
self-defense by the peaceful natives of Mindanao, made incursion
against Spaniards and natives in the Pinatados, in which they took
immense booty and many captives
✞ 1600 – The alcade-mayor of Arevalo defeated the larger forces sent
after the incursion against the Spaniards and the natives in
Pintados
CHAPTER 6 ✞ 1600 – Geromio de Jesus, Franciscan survivor from the crucifixion

negotiated to Daifusama, successor of Taicosama.
✞ 1600 (October) – News reached Manila of the coming and depredation of
Oliver van Noordt with his two vessels.
✞ 1600 – Vessels Santa Margarita and San Geronymo failed to reach Nueva
Espana and were wrecked the latter near Cataduanes, and the former in the
Ladrones rifled by the natives
✞ 1602 – under the command of Gallinato, the cargo of San felipe were taken
to the city of Mindanao and Jolo and then he sent to Manila for instruction
✞ 1602 – From Camboja, Juan de Mendoza and Fray Juan Maldonado
proceeded in Siam but their trading was unsatisfactory that led them to
depart without notifying the Siamese king but on their way they were killed
CHAPTER 7 ✞ 1602 to 1603 – This chapter dealt with the events during the period of Pedro
de Acuna’s administration who arrived in Manila on May 1602
✞ The new governor first concern himself with home affair and construct galleys
✞ His administration underscored the dispatch of vessels to Nueva Espana, to
open commerce with Quanto, sending workmen in Japan, and sending
religious groups in Japan.
✞ 1602 – Acuna’s visit to the Pintados was postponed due to the raiding
expedition of the Moros from Luzon to Mindoro.
✞ 1603 – Acuna’s plan expedition to Maluco, rather sent Gallinato to aid the
Portuguese
✞ 1603 – Manila for the second time was burned, the disastrous fire caused a
loss of over one million pesos
CHAPTER 7
✞ 1603 – The victorious Malays in Camboja
were finally driven out by the combination of
patriotic mandarins.
✞ Relations between Camboja and Philippines
were again established by sending there a
number of religious
✞ 1603 (May) – Gallinato returned in Manila, his
aid rendered to Furtado de Mendoza was not
sufficient to subdue the Ternatans.
About the Author: Dr. Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay
• 1559 (November 29) – Antonio de Morga Sanchez Garay

was born in Seville, Spain
• 1574 – He graduated from the University of Salamanca
• 1578 – He received his doctorate degree in cannon law
• 1580 – He joined the government service as lawyer
• 1582 – He served as mayor of Baracaldo in Vizcaya,
Spain (married to Juana de Briviesca de Munotones)
• 1593 (August) – He was notified as Lieutenant to
Governor-General of the Philippines
Dr. Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay
• 1594 (February) – He sailed from Cadiz, Spain going to Mexico

• 1595 (March 22) – He departed Acapulco going to Manila
• 1595 (June 11) – He arrived in Manila and acquired the second-
most powerful position in the colony as Lieutenant to the
Governor-General
• 1595 – He first served under the Governor-General Luiz Perez
Dasmarinas, who was interim after his father’s death
• 1598 – He resigned as lieutenant governor and assumed the
office of the oidor or judge in the Audiencia (Audencia de Manila)
• During his period, Morga supported the galleon

trade between Spain and China (China to
Manila)
• 1600 (December 14) - He was put in charge of
the Spanish fleet against the Dutch invasion
under Oliver van Noort
• In the encounter, the Dutch sailed away but the
Spaniards lost decisively and they found Morga
hiding and crying in his flagship before it sank
• 1603 (July 10) - Morga was reassigned in Mexico
• Dr. Antonio de Morga became alcalde of criminal
causes in the Royal Audiencia of Mexico City.
• He likewise served as advisor to the viceroy on military
matters and counsel for the Holy Office of the
Inquisition
• 1594 to 1604 – He served for 43 years as Spanish
lawyer and high-ranking colonial official in the
Philippines and he was a president of the Audiencia for
20 years
• 1609 – He published his book, Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas
• 1615 – He was named president of the Audencia of Quito,

within the Viceroyalty of Peru.
• 1615 (September 30) – He assumed his office in Quito and
during his administration, the textile industry advanced and
founded the University of San Gregorio Magno.
• His administration was likewise coincide with the
confrontation between the civil and ecclesiastic powers as
well as the dispute between the Creole and Peninsular
monks for the control of the religious orders
• However, he was involved in some questionable activities

like extensive gamble and having affairs with women, his
accomplishment were remarkable such as bureaucratic
reform, liturgy, and improvement of the treatment of the
native peoples.
• 1625 – Morga was investigated for corruption and arrested
• 1625 (September 18) – He was cleared for his charges
and his offices were restored to him.
• 1636 – He died at age of 77
New Editions and Translations of Antonio de Morga's
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1609)
Edition Reprint/ Editor or Title Publisher Notes
Translation Translator
1868 Henry Stanley The Philippine Islands London: Hakluyt Society 1st English translation with
annotations
1963 The Philippine Islands New York: B. Franklin Offset reprint
1890 Jose Rizal Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Paris: Garnier 1st Spanish edition with
annotation
1958 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Quezon City: R. Martinez Offset reprint
1961 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Manila: Comision Nacional Offset reprint
del Centenario de Jose
Rizal
1962 Encarnacion Historical Events of the Philippine Manila: Jose Rizal National 3rd English translation, including
Alzona Islands Centennial Commision most of Rizal’s annotation
1964 Anonymous Mga Pangyayari sa Maynila: Pambansang Tagalog translation including
Sangkapuluang Pilipinas Komisyon ng mga Bayani most of Rizal’s annotations
1904 Emma Helen Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, in Cleveland: OH: A.H. Clark 2nd English translation with
Blair/ James The Philippine Islands, 1493- annotations
Alexander 1803, vols. 15-16
Robertson
1907 History of the Philippine Islands, Cleveland: OH: A.H. Clark Retitled offset reprint of 1904
2 volumes English translation
1970 History of the Philippine Islands, New York: Kraus Reprint Offset reprint of 1907 reprint
2 volumes in 1 Co.
1909 Wenceslao Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Madrid: V. Suarez 2nd Spanish edition with
Retana annotations
1966 Keizo Kanki/ Firipin Shotoshi Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten Japanese translation with
Kenji yanai annotations
1971 J.S. Cummins Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Cambridge: Hakyut 4th English translation with
Society annotation
1997 Patricio Nuchera Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Madrid: Ediciones 3rd Spanish edition with
Polifemo annotations
2007 Francisca Perujo Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Mexico: Fondo de Cultura 4th Spanish edition with
Economica annotations
Other Scholarly Papers of Rizal’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (1609)
 Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1998). Rizal’s Morga and Views of
Philippine History. Philippine Studies 46(184-214). Retrieved
from
www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/6
62/663
 Totanes, Vernon D. (2012). History of the Filipino History Book
(Doctoral Disertation). University of Toronto.
 Clemente, Tina S. (2011). Rizal’s Morga and insights into pre-
Hispanic institutions and trade. The Philippine Review of
Economics 48(117-150). Retrived from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/
Rizal’s Annotation: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
• 1888 (August 18) - After two hundred seventy nine (279)

years Jose Rizal began to copy by hand the entire first edition
of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
• 1888 (December 11) - Rizal went in Madrid and Barcelona to
search the historical materials in Bibliotheque Nationale
(National Library).
• 1889 (By the end of September) - He brought the manuscript
in Paris for printing and sent letter to Ferdinand Blumetritt
requesting him to write an introduction
In January 1890, Rizal published his annotation;

“Sucesos de las Filipinas por el Doctor Antonio de
Morga. Obra publicada en mejico en el atlo de 1609,
nummente sacada a luz y anotada por Jose Rizal, y
precedida de un prologo del prof. Fernando Blumentn'tt
(Events in the Philippine Islands by Dr. Antonio de
Morga. A work published in Mexico in the year 1609,
reprinted and annotated by Jose Rizal and preceded by
an introduction by professor Ferdinand Blumentritt)”
(Ocampo, 1998).
In the study conducted by Tina S. Clemente (2011), she

classified Rizal’s annotations of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas into four categories such as:
 The Notion of Confederation of Chiefs and the
Complexity of Polities;
 The Character of Precolonial Law and Enforcement;
 The Engagement of Pre-Hispanic Polities in International
Trade; and
 The Role of Indigenous Produced Goods in the
Dynamics of Chiefly Ruleship and Foreign Trade.
 Similarly, in the conclusion of the study, Clemente (2011) generated three major themes:
 First, Rizal emphasized certain aspects of precolonial culture that were methodologically important even
by current standards.
 Second, the significance of the aspects he noted has only grown in the light of what is now being
elucidated in contemporary scholarship from various fields of study (e.g., institutional economics,
anthropology, and archaeology).
 Third, the knowledge and appreciation by today’s public toward Philippine precolonial history is
inadequate and often faulty based on Rizal’s standard especially in relation to what he thought it
signified for national identity”.
In the review conducted by Arnel G. Perez (2017), he generated the following themes in Rizal’s
annotation of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Chapter 8 [Rizal (1962)] :
 The Oriental Islands: Philippines;
 Topography and Seasons of the Oriental Islands;
 The Oriental People;
 Abundances of Natural Resources;
 Customs and Other Practices of the Oriental People; and
 Variation of Languages and Dialects among the Oriental People.
The Oriental Islands: Philippines

 The Oriental Islands as described by Morga are found from the West to the East
when navigated from the India of Portugal. These islands of the Philippines (Oriental
Islands) are all extensive and principal. Luzon, Mindoro, Tendaya, Capul, Burias,
Masbate, Marinduque, Leyte, Samar, Ibabao, Cebu, Panay, Bohol, Cranduanes,
Calamianes, and Mindanao are the known islands.
 However, as annotated by Rizal the Island Tendaya is difficult to determine because
the island is either referring to the chief called Tandaya or to the southeastern part of
Samar called Ibabao or Zibabao (Rizal, 1962:241).
Topography and Seasons of the Oriental Islands

 As described by Morga, the temperature on these islands change from various regions and
provinces. From the month of June up to September heavy downpour of rains, whirl-winds, and
storms are experienced. From the month of October up to the end of May, the skies are clear and
the sea is smooth. But in some provinces, winter or cold season and heavy rains begin earlier than
in others.
 In the annotation of Rizal, he corrected Morga for considering rainy seasons as winter and the rest
of the year belongs to summer season. He also added that Manila by months of December,
January, and February the thermometer goes down more than in the months of August and
September (Rizal, 1962:242)
The Oriental People

 As observed by Morga, the people who inhabit the large island of Luzon in the province of
Camarines with the neighboring provinces around Manila are the natives of the islands who are
middle-sized and similar in color like the quince fruit. Both men and women have good features,
very black hair, scarce beard, quite ingenious and resolute, keen, and quick-tempered.
 In the province of Cagayan, the natives have the same complexion but they are more physically
able, brave, and warlike than the others. They have long hairs and hand down with their shoulder.
The natives of Luzon before the advent of the Spaniards wear clothes made of cangan fabric
without collar, bahaque (bahag) with their waste, and potong tightly over the forehead.
The Oriental People
 The natives of the southern part, islands of Visaya are known them
as the tattooed people. They are good-looking, good disposition,
living in the better conditions, and having nobler manners than
those in the islands of Luzon and surrounding one. Natives from
this place wear large earrings of gold and ivory, and bracelet.
The Oriental People

 In the annotation of Rizal, he corrected Morga describing that men
and women go out without any outer garments and barefooted. He
clarified that natives in all places are circumspect and careful in
covering their bodies with extreme modesty and bashfulness (Rizal,
1962:269).
The Oriental People

 Men and women particularly the prominent people are very clean and neat in
their person. They dye their hair and they use gogo as their shampoo. They
bathe their entire bodies in the river or stream. Rizal clarified the use of
gogo, he rather mentioned that the bark of shrub is crushed and not cooked.
Similar, he mentioned about bathing of some women during menstruation
and bathing after the funeral (Rizal, 1962:246).
The Oriental People

 Moreover, as regard with their roles, the women weave blankets
and spin cottons. They pound the rice which is to be cooked for
their meals and prepare the rest of the food. They do the house
chores and they also help in livestock raising like chickens and pigs.
However, the men-folk engage in the work of the fields, fishing,
boating, and farming.
Abundances of Natural Resources

 During the pre-conquest time, there is abundance of natural resources. There are variety of
fruit bearing trees and different species of fishes. Livestock like cows, pigs, and chickens are
also abundant in the provinces. As quoted by Rizal, there was such abundance of cattle that
Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin says, speaking about Dumangas. This convent has an extensive
farm for cattle, of so many cows that there was a time when they were over 30,000. This farm
also has many and very fine horses (Rizal, 1962:252).
Variation of Languages and Dialects among the Oriental People

 As described by Morga, the language spoken in Luzon and adjoining islands is very different
from that spoken in the Visayas. Cagayan have their own dialect likewise with the Ilocanos,
Zambalenos, Pampanga, Manila, and other provinces. Throughout the islands, writing is well
developed and writing was done on bamboo pieces or on paper. As stated by Rizal, the
horizontal direction was adopted after the coming Spaniards (Rizal, 1962:273).
Customs and Other Practices of the Oriental People

 Prominent in the observation of Morga is about the custom on marriage. Marriage among the
natives are generally between the principals and their fellow principals or nobles. The practice
of dowry is also observed during that time. This observation was supported by Rizal:
“This custom continued the union between the parents and the children, a wiser practice
that which is followed in many parts of Europe where cases are found of children
neglecting their parents once they have taken possession of their patrimony, or of parents
who do not consent to the marriage of their children in order not to part with their property”
(Rizal, 1962:282)
Customs and Other Practices of the Oriental People

This dowry, if can be called thus, represented a compensation for the
parents of the bride for the care and education of their daughter (Rizal,
1962:283).
Bigay-kaya (dowry) means to give what one can, a voluntary offering,
a gift of good-will. This confirms further that in the case of marriage
there was no sale, unlike in the already known alms for scapulars,
rosaries, belt, etc. (Rizal, 1962:284)
Conclusion
 Rizal’s annotation of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas affirmed and
clarified the entire works of Dr. Antonio de Morga. In his annotation, Rizal
asserted his personal observation and experiences which he failed to avoid his
personal sentiments against the Spanish government and Friar officials.
 As Ferndinand Blumenttrit commented, Rizal committed the error of many
historians in appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards,
and Rizal made a bad impression about Catholicism (cruel method and abuses
of the priest)
References:

Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander (1907). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, in The
Philippine Islands, 1493-1803, vols. 15-16. Cleveland Ohio, Arthur .H. Clark Company
Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1998). Rizal’s Morga and Views of Philippine History. Philippine Studies 46(184-
214). Retrieved from www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/662/663
Clemente, Tina S. (2011). Rizal’s Morga and insights into pre-Hispanic institutions and trade. The
Philippine Review of Economics 48(117-150). Retrived from http://search.proquest.com/docview/
Rizal, J. (1962) Historical events of the Philippines Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga, published in
Mexico in 1609, recently brought to light and annotated by Jose Rizal, preceded by a prologue by
Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt. Manila: Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission.

Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rizal’s Annotation: Sucesos de las Islas

Filipinas By Arnel G. Perez, MS

 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles) was

 The book was published in two volumes, both in 1609 by

 1493 to 1603 – Pre-Colonial Philippines to Colonialism

✞ 1596 – Governor Francisco Tello appointed governor-general

CHAPTER 6 ✞ 1600 – Geromio de Jesus, Franciscan survivor from the crucifixion

• 1559 (November 29) – Antonio de Morga Sanchez Garay

• 1594 (February) – He sailed from Cadiz, Spain going to Mexico

• During his period, Morga supported the galleon

• 1615 – He was named president of the Audencia of Quito,

• However, he was involved in some questionable activities

• 1888 (August 18) - After two hundred seventy nine (279)

In January 1890, Rizal published his annotation;

In the study conducted by Tina S. Clemente (2011), she

The Oriental Islands: Philippines

Topography and Seasons of the Oriental Islands

The Oriental People

The Oriental People

The Oriental People

The Oriental People

The Oriental People

Abundances of Natural Resources

Variation of Languages and Dialects among the Oriental People

Customs and Other Practices of the Oriental People

Customs and Other Practices of the Oriental People

You might also like