PACTO DE SANGRE:

WHY ARE WE CONQUERED?

BY: DEXTER ACOPIADO

THE PACTO DE SANGRE

• In 1565, Legazpi and Sikatuna signed a blood compact in Bohol.

• The ancient Filipinos used this custom to cement a covenant of alliance

and friendship.

• The Philippines and Spain, as well as the Philippines and a foreign

country, formed their first friendship tie.
ILUSTRADOS

• As an agreement between equals from Spain and the Philippines, the

Pacto Sangre was signed.

• Filipinos sworn Loyalty to Spain; Spain must assimilate the Filipinos.

• The Philippines and Spain, as well as the Philippines and a foreign

country, formed their first friendship tie.

• Spain violation was part of their contract.

• Filipinos have the right to back out of the treaty that their forefathers
had signed.
THE ANCIENT BLOOD OATHS

• Alliances are built on the basis of feasts. A blood-drinking event in which

blood droplets are incorporated into an alcoholic beverage.

• The Tausugs practice blood compact in the late 1960s by swearing on

the Koran (as documented by Thomas Kiefer).

• Blood vows were once thought to be a means for forming a tie similar to
that of siblings.
THE ANCIENT BLOOD OATHS

The blood oath started with Legazpi’s arrival in Bohol

• They were in desperate need of supplies and serious repairs to their
flagship, so he dispatched "the Moro" to find Sikatuna.
• Because of earlier incidents that resulted in suffering at the hands of the
Portuguese, Sikatuna was skeptical.

The desire for true friendship

• Legazpi shared his goals with his monarch, who wished to foster
friendship, trade, and barter, as well as maintain military discipline.
• Legazpi considered Sikatuna as a friend and a brother.

Form of reassurance and prevention of violence and ransacking

• Legazpi acted in accordance with the islanders' etiquette.
• Sikatuna’s status had been affirmed.
DEL PILAR: ASSIMILATION
AND THE PACTO DE SANGRE

• Ilustrado was well aware of the blood oath of Legazpi and Sikatuna over
three centuries later.

• Ilustrados like Del Pilar saw their reading of the blood oath in Bohol in
1565 as a watershed moment in the Spanish colonization campaign.

• The blood oath, according to Del Pilar, was a watershed moment in the
development of a long-term partnership between Spain and the
Philippines.
LUNA: UNCERTAINTY IN
EL PACTO DE SANGRE

• The usage of the word "pacto" and its common English translation
"compact" has bolstered the blood oath's status as a formal agreement.

• Presented the pact as a contractual agreement between equals.

• Floro Quibuyen sees the picture as encoding Spain's fundamental

greatness.
BONIFACIO: THE NATIONALIST
HISTORY PLOT'S "FALL"

• The usage of the word "pacto" and its common English translation
"compact" has bolstered the blood oath's status as a formal agreement.

In light of their distinct political intentions, the "Pacto de Sangre"

accounts of the Spanish conquests of Del Pilar and Bonifacio are
examined.
• The Pacto de Sangre de Sikatuna - Bohol Chief and Legazpi, the King of
Spain's representative – took place in Bohol in 1565.
• In contrast to Bonifacio's political ambition of secession from Spain,
which was a revolution, the Pacto de Sangre was advanced with Del
Pilar's agenda of integration.
DEL PILAR'S ASSIMILATION
AND BONIFACIO'S REVOLUTION

• It was called upon the validity of an alleged agreement to assimilate and

civilize the islanders.
• It was not deceiving in any way. There was a bloody signing of the pact.

• It was an illegitimate child. It was only good in the beginning, but it

turned out to be betrayal in the latter months. It was not deceiving in any
way. There was a bloody signing of the pact.
• It signaled a phony brotherhood that had failed to deliver on its promise
to the Filipinos of a better life, instead exposing us to their ugliness.
THE SPANISH CONQUEST

• The Spanish Conquest is a watershed moment in the history of the

Spanish Empire's societies, including the Philippines.
• In Europe, Luna was a personal friend of Jose Rizal and a key figure in the
Propaganda Movement.
• As a result, the Blood Compact symbolizes Spain and the Philippines'
shared destiny as equal allies with the same social rank.
• Instead, the Blood Compact should be viewed as a visual representation
of the Propaganda Movement, which advocated for legal equality
between Spaniards and Filipinos.
• Luna’s involvement in the Propaganda Movement.
FRIARS AND INDIO

• The picture of Shamans created by the Friars included the Catholic

Sacraments, which act as strong intercessory devices with the Spiritual
realm.

• Catholic icons, medallions, rosaries, scapulars, the cross, and holy water
blessed by the priest were unique media for the spiritual to physical
sphere transference.

• The people would see the friars as holding a powerful Dungan.

COCKFIGHTING (SABONG)

• In the Philippines, the colonial epoch gave rise to gambling.

• Gambling became the metaphor by which the Indio's conflicted
relationship with colonial power was expressed.
• Cockfighting is being utilized to persuade obstinate Indios to join
colonial settlements.
• The experience of colonial dominance could be adopted and rejected,
reversed and re-inverted, objectified and internalized by the subjugated
locals in the cockpit, where Spanish and indigenous forms and notions
merged.
SHAMANS

• Because of Friar Power's apparent supremacy, native shamanism arose in

imitation of the Spanish friarship.

• The use of Latin in the form of oration and anting-anting grew prevalent
among the natives, indicating their desire to increase their power and
encroach into the colonizer's power area.

• Ordinary indios were evidently exposed to native shamans' newfound

source of strength and resistance.
LABOR EVANGELICA

• Fransico Colin, a Jesuit, wrote it in the late 17th century. The most incisive
declaration on the road of Datuship can be found in this book.
 THANK YOU
“The Filipino embraces civilization and lives and thrives in every clime,
in contact with every people.” - Jose Rizal