METACOGNITION

Coined by
Metacognition John Flavell
It refers to the higher order thinking which
involves active awareness and control over the
cognitive processes engaged in learning.
 Coined by
Metacognition John Flavell
It is simply “thinking about thinking” or
“learning how to learn”.

Person Variables Task Variables

Strategy Variables
PERSON VARIABLES
This includes how one views himself as
a learner and thinker.

Example:

You may be aware that you study more effectively if you study
very early in the morning than late in the evening, and that
you work better in a quiet library rather than at home where
there are a lot of things that make it hard for you to focus and
concentrate.
 TASK VARIABLES
This includes knowledge about the nature of
the task as well as the type of processing
demands that it will place upon the individual.

Example:

You may be aware that it takes more time for you to read and
comprehend a book in educational philosophy than it is for
you to read a novel.
STRATEGY VARIABLES
This involves awareness of the strategy you
are using to learn a topic and evaluating
whether this strategy is effective.

Example:

If you think your strategy is not working, then you may think of
various strategies and try out one to see if it will help you learn
better.
 STRATEGY VARIABLE
Awareness of specific strategies
so that you can keep your
Meta-attention attention focused on the topic
or task at hand

Awareness of memory
Meta-memory strategies that work best for
you
 Practice of Metacognition
 Knowing the limits of one’s own learning and
memory capacities
 Knowing what learning tasks one can realistically
accomplish within a certain amount of time
 Knowing which learning strategies are effective
and which are not
 Using effective learning strategies to process and
learn new material
 Types of Question
 What do I know about this topic, subject, or
issue?
 Do I know what I need to know?
 Do I know where I can go to get some
information and knowledge?
 How much time will I need to learn this?
 What are some strategies and tactics that I can
use to learn this?
 TEACHING STRATEGIES TO
DEVELOP METACOGNITION
MONITORING
STUDY OR LEARNING STRATEGIES
MAKE PREDICTIONS
RELATE IDEAS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES
DEVELOP QUESTIONS
KNOW WHEN TO ASK FOR HELP
TRANSFER
STUDY AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
can be taught to younger students
TQLR and is a metacognitive strategy before
listening to a story or presentation

usually for older students in the

PQ4R intermediate levels and onwards and
can be used to study a unit or
chapter
T TUNE IN

Q QUESTION

L LISTEN

R REMEMBER
P PREVIEW
Q QUESTION

R READ

R RECITE
R REVIEW
R REFLECT
The result of not thinking before we
attempt to solve real world problems