TYPES OF COVALENT BOND

1.Single Covalent Bond

2.Double Covalent Bond
3.Triple Covalent Bond
The electrons that are
shared between atoms
are called bonding
electrons or bonding
pair.
Electrons that are not
involved in bonding
pairs are called lone
pairs or lone electron
pairs.
SINGLE COVALENT BOND

• The sharing of single

pair of electrons
between bonded
atoms.
EXAMPLE: H2
EXAMPLE: CH4
DOUBLE COVALENT BOND

• Formed when two

atoms share two
electron pairs
TRIPLE COVALENT BOND

• Formed when each

atoms contributes or
shares three electron
pairs.
EXAMPLE: N2
 TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BOND
(Polarity)

1. POLAR COVALENT BOND

- Electrons are shared unequally.

2. NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND

- Electrons are shared equally.
 TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BOND
(Polarity)

Difference in Types of bonds Electron sharing

electronegativity

Less than 0.4 Non-polar More or less equal

covalent bond
Between 0.4 and Polar covalent Unequal
0.7 or greater … bond
 EXAMPLE: H + Br
• The electronegativity of H is 2.1 and Br
has an electronegativity of 2.8.

Thus, 2.8 – 2.1 = 0.7

 IONIC COMPOUND
have crystalline structure
high boiling points and high
melting points
soluble in water
good conductors of electricity
Naming of Ionic Compounds
• Compound is named first by its cation and
then by its anion.
• The anion is named by taking the elemental
name, removing the ending, and adding
“ide.”

Example: KF – Potassium Fluoride

 EXAMPLE: Mg and Cl

Chemical Name: Magnesium Chloride

Naming of Ionic Compounds
• If either the cation or the anion was a
polyatomic ion, the polyatomic ion name is
used in the name of the overall compound.
The polyatomic ion name stays the same.

Example: Ca(NO3)2 is called calcium nitrate.

Naming of Ionic Compounds
• CaCO3  - calcium carbonate; 
• Na2SO4 -  sodium sulfate; 
• (NH4)2HPO4 -  ammonium hydrogen
phosphate;
• Pb2+ paired with SO42-, PbSO4 is named 
lead (II) sulfate.
 Write a correct chemical formula for
each of the following ionic compounds:

a. Calcium bromide

b. Aluminum oxide
ANSWER:
c. Iron (III) oxide 1. CaBr2
2. Al2O3
3. Fe2O3
COVALENT COMPOUND
Solids, but most are liquids
and gases
Low boiling points and low
melting points
soluble in water
poor conductors of electricity
 Naming of Binary Covalent
Compound
1.       Name the non-metal furthest to the left on
the periodic table by its elemental name.
2.       Name the other non-metal by its elemental
name and an -ide ending.
3.       Use the prefixes mono-, di-, tri-.... to
indicate the number of that element in the
molecule.
4.       If mono is the first prefix, it is understood
and not written
Naming of Binary Covalent
Compound
 Naming of Binary Covalent
Compound
• N2O4 is called dinitrogen tetraoxide
• CO2 is called carbon dioxide
• CO is called carbon monoxide
• N2O is called dinitrogen monoxide.  (It is also
called nitrous oxide but that is another
naming scheme.)
• CCl4 is called carbon tetrachloride
Write a correct formula for each binary
covalent compounds:

a. Silicon tetrachloride

b. Disulfur decafluoride
ANSWER:
1. SiCl4
2. S2F10