DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEVAGIRI

HAVERI – 581110
2022-2023
A
Project Phase-I presentation
On
“Forced Convection in a Porous Channel With Localized Heat Sources ”
Under the guidance of
Dr. BANJARA KOTRESHA

Presented by
ROHAN KADI 2GO20ME413
SAGAR GANJI 2GO20ME414
SHANMUKHA BADIGER 2GO20ME415
SHIVARAJ MANAKUR 2GO20ME417
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIUM
 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
 LITERATURE SURVEY
 MATHEMATICAL MODELING
 RESULT
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 Fundamental studies related to thermal convection in porous media have increased
significantly during recent years.
 Earlier investigations were based on the Darcy flow model and comprehensive reviews
were provided by Combarnous and Bories (1975).
 Analytical solutions of fully developed forced convection in porous channel were presented
by Vafai and Kim (1989), and later by Lauriat and Vafai (1991) in this Most of the studies
are relate to understanding the fundamental aspects of forced convection in porous media.
 Hydrodynamic and heat transfer results are computed under these three configurations.
(1) Clear Channel
(2) A Fully porous channel, and
(3) A Partially porous channel, which contains porous layers. above the heat sources and
is nonporous elsewhere.
 FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIUM
 Porous medium can be defined as a solid or collection of solid bodies,
with sufficient open space in solids to enable a fluid to pass through them.
 There are many experimental studies are carried based on the flow
behavior and heat transfer in the porous media. The first study belongs to
Darcy
 Darcy’s law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a
porous medium
q = Instantaneous flow rate
k = Permeability
= Dynamic viscosity of the fluid
= Pressure drop
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
 Computational fluid dynamics is a method used to describe a way of modelling
fluids using algorithms and numerical methods.
 CFD is a powerful tool to model fluid flows in complex geometries and an
approximation of what would occur in reality.

STEPS INVOLVED IN CFD SOLUTION

• Pre-processor: Pre-processing is the first step in CFD simulation, which can
help to define the parameters of the simulation in an accurate way.
• Solver: In this step we have to define the conditions of the problems we
want to solve.
• Post processing: After getting results in the simulation stage, next step is to
analyse those results. Use the available methods such as vector plots, contour
plots, data curves and streamlines to achieve this.
LITERATURE SURVEY
 Koh and et al. investigated the performance of a heat exchanger
containing a conductive porous matrix. They used a slug flow model
that was limited to porous media with very low permeability.
Koh and et al.  An analytical investigation of the performance of a heat exchanger
(1974- containing a conductive porous media was made.
1975)  The partial differential equations governing the steady-state
temperature distributions for both the porous media and the coolant
fluid are given.
 A computer program was written in FORTRAN IV and the results are
provided for determining the cooling effectiveness.

 Kaviany is in a study based on the Brinkman-extended Darcy flow

Kaviany model, Kaviany reported analytical and numerical results for forced
(1985) convection in a porous channel bounded by isothermal parallel plates.
 Laminar flow through a porous channel bounded by two parallel plates
maintained at a constant and equal temperature is considered.
  The results of The modified Darcy model for transport of momentum
show that the Nusselt number for fully-developed fields increases with
an increase in the porous media shape parameter, r = (W23/K)12
where W is channel width, 3 is porosity and K is permeability. The results
also show that excess pressure drop, associated with the entrance region,
decreases as г increases.

 Tong and Sharatchandra investigated the use of porous inserts for heat
transfer enhancement in a rectangular channel.
 A boundary-layer solution for natural convection in rectangular
Tong and Sharatchandra enclosures containing a porous medium is presented.
(1990)  The Brinkman-extended Darcy model, which allows the no-slip
boundary condition to be satisfied, is used in the formulation. The
method of solution is based on the modified Oseen technique.
 Based on results obtained for the Nusselt number, it is determined that a
pure Darcy analysis is applicable.
  K. Vafai, S. Kim (1989) (Published 1 November) Forced Convection in a
Channel Filled With a Porous Medium.
 In this paper fully developed forced convection in a porous channel bounded by
parallel plates is considered based on the general flow model. Exact solutions
K. Vafai, S. Kim are obtained and presented for both the velocity and the temperature fields.
 From these results the Nusselt number can be expressed in terms of the Darcy
(1989)
number and the inertia parameter. Finally, comparisons are made with the
limiting case of no inertia and/or boundary effects.

 Arbak and Dukhan conducted experiments to study the heat transfer

characteristics in asymmetrically heated metal foam cooled by water.
 The investigation shows that thermal asymmetry introduced on the
 Arbak and Dukhan boundaries substantially affect the heat transfer in porous media,
including metal foam and also this investigation concerned with forced
convective heat transfer through rectangular channel filled with
aluminium foam and heated on one side. They stated that metal foam
filled channels are very effective for cooling applications compared to
empty channels and pin-fin heat sinks.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

GEOMETRY:
Case-01 CLEAR CHANNEL

w
Heat Sources

Where,
H = Height of the Channel
w = width of heat source, m
s = spacing between heat sources, m
H = w = s = 0.01
 Case-02 A FULLY POROUS CHANNEL

s
Case-03 A PARTIALLY POROUS CHANNEL
w

Where,
H = Height of the Channel Heat Sources
w = width of heat source, m
s = spacing between heat sources, m Porous Media
RESULT
 Researchers come to know that the Grid sensitivity analysis is very important step in the
numerical analysis in order to determine the optimum number of grids for the numerical
simulation.
 In the present study three different grid models are considered for finding out the ideal
grid.
 The number of grids considered for the present simulation are 36000, 68000 and 109861.
 The excess temperature obtained between the heater temperature and ambient temperature
is compared for all the three grids to find the optimum and is shown in Table.
 From Table, it is clear that the variation of excess temperature is very negligible after the
grid size 68000, therefore this grid size is considered and that model is selected for the
simulations for all the filling rates.
Cell Excess temperature Deviation %
(∆𝑇)
36000 31.8782 2.11

68000 31.79727 1.85

109861 31.213 baseline

CONCLUSIONS