Carl Gustav Jung

CARL JUNG
 A Swiss psychiatrist whose research was
deeply-rooted in psychoanalysis.
 He was greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud

and even conducted research alongside him.

 His theories are so revered that they were

made into their own school of

psychotherapy: Jungian psychology, which is
also called analytical psychology.
Personality Theory

 In his theory of personality, Carl Jung distinguishes

two different attitude types:
 Introverts, which are those people who receive
stimulation from within,
 Extroverts, which are those who receive their
stimulation from the environment.
 Introverts can be perceived as withdrawn or shy, but
they are more defined as those who get their energy
from being alone and being able to recharge through
less stimulating activities,
 Extroverts get their energy from being around other
people and engaging in stimulating activities.
 1. Thinking
 Applying reasoning to the situations and

environments you encounter. For example, David

likes to think things through and consider all the
pros and cons before he makes a decision about
anything.
2. Feeling
 Applying subjective, personal assessment to the

situations and environments you encounter. Unlike

David, Donna relies on her feelings to tell her how to
make a decision. If something feels good, she goes
for it; if it doesn't, she avoids it.
 3. Sensation
 Applying aesthetic value to the situations and environments

you encounter. For example, when deciding how to arrange

his living room, David tries to make things very
symmetrical. If there's a chair on one side of the room, he
has to put the same chair on the other side of the room to
balance it. This symmetry makes the room look nice.
4. Intuition
 Using your unconscious or the mystical to understand your

experiences. For example, Donna thinks David is arranging

his furniture all wrong. Donna believes it is important to
arrange furniture more spaced apart in order to bring about
positive energy.
 8 Subtypes of personality
 The extraverted thinking type
 The introverted thinking type
 The extraverted feeling type
 The introverted feeling type
 The extraverted sensation type
 The introverted sensation type
 The extraverted intuitive type
 The introverted intuitive type
 Sub-Types
 Introverted-Thinking: Pursue their own ideas and
not concerned if these ideas are accepted. Prefer
abstract ideas to making plans with others.
 Introverted-Feeling: Strong feelings kept inside,

erupting occasionally forcefully. Creative artists.

 Introverted-Sensation: Focus on the perceptions

of their world, attending only to own

psychological sensations.
 Introverted-Intutition: Have difficulty

communicating own insights and intuitions and

have trouble understanding own thoughts.
 Extroverted-Thinking: Concerned with
outside world but often impose own view
onto others.
 Extroverted-Feeling: Interactions with others

can be emotional at times, but sociable and

funny.
 Extroverted-Sensation: Experiencing and

participating in exciting activities.

 Extroverted-Intuition: Enjoy novelty and

promoting new ideas and concepts to others.

 Learning Style
 Extraversion vs. introversion
 Sensation vs. intuition
 Thinking vs. feeling
 Judging vs. perceiving
Extraverted Learning Style

 Learn best through direct experience

 Enjoy working with others in groups
 Often gather ideas from outside sources
 Willing to lead, participate and offer

opinions
 Jump right in without guidance from

others
Introverted Learning Style

 Prefer to work alone

 Enjoy quiet, solitary work
 Often generate ideas from internal

sources
 Prefer to listen, watch and reflect
 Like to observe others before

attempting a new skill

Sensing Learning Style

 Focus on the present

 Practical and reasonable
 Use experience and common sense to

solve problems
 Keenly observe the surrounding world
Intuitive Learning Style

 Prefer to work in short sessions, rather than

finishing a task all at once
 Enjoy new challenges, experiences, and

situations
 More likely to look at the big picture rather

than the details

 Like theories and abstract ideas
 Thinking learning styles
 Interested in logic and patterns
 Dislike basing decisions on

emotions
 Make decisions based on reason

and logic
Feeling Learning Style

 Interested in people and their feelings

 In tune with their own emotions and

those of other people

 Base decisions on immediate feelings
 Generate excitement and enthusiasm

in group settings
Judging Learning Style

 Do not like ambiguity or mystery

 Tend to be firm in their decisions
 Very organized and structured13
 Have strong opinions
 Generally follow the rules
Perceiving Learning Style

 Often make impulsive decisions

 Change decisions based on new

information
 Dislike structure and organization
 Tend to be very flexible and adaptable
 Sometimes have trouble making

decisions
 PSYCHE
 the idea of unity or wholeness.
 including all thoughts, feelings,

and behaviors, both conscious and

unconscious.
Levels of Consciousness

 The conscious level- Ego is at the center of

consciousness and organizing. The
organizational structure of the ego gives an
individual a sense of identity. 
 The personal unconscious − Those experiences,

thoughts, feelings, and perceptions not

admitted by the ego are stored in the personal
unconscious.
 When memories, thoughts, and feelings have a

theme and an emotional impact on the

individual, it is called a complex.
 The collective unconscious 
 This refers to the inherited tendency of the
human mind to form representations of
mythological motifs. Such representations
vary a great deal without losing their basic
pattern.
 It contains all the ancestral memories and

experiences that are passed on to everyone.

 Archetypes are signs, symbols, or patterns of

thinking and/or behaving that are inherited

from our ancestors.
 Archetypes
The Self (Individualization)
The Persona
The Shadow
The Anima/Animus.
 THE PERSONA
 The persona (or mask) is the outward
face we present to the world.
 It conceals our real self and Jung

describes it as the “conformity”

archetype.
 This is the public face or role a person

presents to others as someone different

to who we really are (like an actor).
 ANIMA/ANIMUS
 Another archetype is the anima/animus.
 The “anima/animus” is the mirror image of our

biological sex, that is, the unconscious feminine

side in males and the masculine tendencies in
women.
 Each sex manifests attitudes and behavior of the

other by virtue of centuries of living together.

 The psyche of a woman contains masculine

aspects (the animus archetype), and the psyche

of a man contains feminine aspects (the anima
archetype).
 SHADOW
 Next is the shadow.
 This is the animal side of our

personality (like the id in Freud).

 It is the source of both our creative

and destructive energies.

 In line with evolutionary theory, it may

be that Jung’s archetypes reflect

predispositions that once had survival
value.
 SELF
 Finally,there is the self which
provides a sense of unity in
experience.
 For Jung, the ultimate aim of

every individual is to achieve a

state of selfhood (similar to
self-actualization)
 Therapy
 Phobias- Fear of the dark, loud sounds, bridges,
or blood may all be rooted in this collective unconscious
due to an inherited genetic trait.
 Active imagination. This technique allows you to imagine

yourself in scenes that represent the unconscious

material you are working on. In this way, you can explore
the material further and understand what it means for
you.
 Word association. This is a technique in which you say

the first word that pops into your head after hearing
another word. This exercise can help reveal the
unconscious thoughts and feelings that influence your
behavior.
 JUNGIAN THERAPY
 Art. Art can provide a way to access the unconscious
and explore images that arise. Through art, we can learn
about our self-image and what symbols and themes
emerge when concentrating on a particular problem.

 Dream analysis. One of the most important means of

achieving insight in the Jungian analysis is through
dreams, which often provide material to work with in
therapy.
 As a Jungian client, keep a notebook by your bed
to record your dreams when you wake up because they
usually fade rapidly from memory afterward.
 GROUP DISCUSSION

 COUNSELLING TRAINING
FOR COPING WITH STRESS IN
COUNSELLING
RELATIONSHIP