Assured water supply to every rural household - Solar based

water supply system for isolated & small Hilly/ Forested/ Tribal
habitations

19th December, 2020

Presented By : Harish Kumar Hingorani
Retired Engineer-in-Chief, Public Health Engineering Department,
Chhattisgarh

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GOAL
In consonance with the declared national policy i.e. JJM – (HAR GHAR JAL),
National goal is to provide safe & potable water to every rural person with
adequate (minimum 55 LPCD) of prescribed water quality (BIS10500) for
domestic needs i.e. drinking, cooking, bathing, flushing etc. & other basic needs
i.e. institutional, livestock, firefighting etc. as per needs on regular sustainable
basis at all times in all situations at affordable service delivery charges
through (FHTC) at household level over design period.

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REQUIREMENT
To ensure water service delivery on regular basis & at affordable cost, calls for
adoption of an appropriate & suitable technology options for community managed
water supply systems which may result in optimization / minimization of OPEX.
 Reduction / Minimization of power bills
 Optimization of chemical cost
 Minimal requirement of human resources in O&M
 Easy to operate and maintained by local community

CHALLENGES
 Community cannot afford to pay high running & maintenance cost on
account of power bills (60-70% of O&M cost) which leads to non functioning
of rural water supply systems.
 Non availability of appropriate skilled manpower for operation &
maintenance of water supply system at village / habitation level.
 Erratic and non availability of electricity as well as high voltage fluctuation.
 High cost for extending the grid.

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 SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION
 With due consideration to availability of good solar radiation in most part of
country.
 Based on the techno-economic feasibility and viability in consideration
with LCA the most appropriate option can be harnessing of solar energy
for use of various purposes. SWPS is a sustainable solution for drinking
RWSS. Can be standalone or grid tied for mini / small & MVS water supply
schemes.
 Under the JJM programme it has been decided to provide “Solar energy based
pumping systems” to ensure minimization of recurring cost of energy. Priority
should be given for remotely located small / hilly terrain with higher lift / forest /
tribal habitation / villages preferably SC/ST dominated population.
 SWP based can be installed and commissioned in shorter span of time.
 As per Department of Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation 71.95% habitations
are having population less than or equal to 500. An appropriate and sustainable
solution can be solar water pumping system for provisioning of safe and
potable water which can be a cost effective solution & low hanging fruit to
achieve the FHTC target & provisioning of water supply schools,
anganwadi & Other institutions in time bound manner.
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VISION
Honorable Prime Minister of India in his Independence Speech on 15th August
2020 has mentioned about the mega plan of use of solar power

ONE SUN – ONE WORLD – ONE GRID

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description

01 Village /  Name of Village/Habitation, block & district

Habitation  Location of village / habitation - Latitude &
Details Longitude

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
02 Planning &
Design SN Description Design Period in
Period Years

01 Source
A Ground Water 20
02 Solar Water Pumping
System
A Pump House Civil works 10
B Pump and Controller 10
C Solar Panels 10*
D Water Treatment Units if any 10#
E Conveyance 20#

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
Planning & SN Description Design Period
Design in Years
Period
F Storage
i. RCC Structure 20***
ii. Prefabricated Storage (HDPE / 10***
PVC)
iii. Prefabricated Storage (MS) 20***
G Distribution Network 20#
H Functional Household Tap 20#
Connections
* Solar panels life is to be considered plus 20 years.
Hence planning to be phased with the requirement of
functional life of pumps and its stage i.e. 10 years and
solar panels can be further augmented later on for
the next stage.
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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
03 Lag Period –
SN Phase Proposed
( Planning and
Period in
Execution
months
Period)
01 Planning & Mobilization 04
02 Implementation 06
03 Post implementation i/c testing 02
commissioning period
  Total 12
Ref : JJM Operational guidelines para 6.1.1
04 Project Stages 1. Initial Stage : Base Year + Lag Period
2. Intermediate Stage : Base Year + 10 yr + Lag Period
3. Ultimate Stage : Base Year + 20 yr + Lag Period
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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
LAYOUT PLAN FOR SWPS

House Hold
Static Water Level

Draw Down Level

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
05 Basic Planning  Physical field survey to identify the location for installation of
Consideration array.
for Solar  Required shadow free area for solar panel installation,
Installation placement - south direction & required tilt angle @ latitude of
specific location.
 No power line should be passing over & above installation
site of panel array.
 Sufficient space for array installation should be available with
the provision of future expansion too.
 Array should be installed at minimum height of 2.5 m.
Preferably adjoining to storage tank staging.
 Availability of Government land / building should be preferred
for installation of storage & Solar Array.
 Preferably distance between pump and panel array should
be kept minimum.
 Assessment of Design water demand & TDH
 Identification of Site specific peak sun shine hours

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
06 Identification of Site Specific Monthly radiation Level
Peak Sunshine
Hour (PSH)
Monthly Average Radiation in Hrs
Max Bhopal
7.17
6.96
6.26 6.12
5.82
5.53
Min 5.27
4.8 4.89
4.66
4.24 4.4

 Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
07 Demographics  Study and analysis of past trend of population & house
hold data with SC / ST details
 Estimation of future population & households for various
stages of planning period.
08 Per Capita
Water Supply SN Water Needs Water Water Demand
Requireme in LPCD
and
nt
Assessment of
water demand 01 Domestic Needs& Non 55
Domestic
02 Personal Hygiene & 10% 5.5
Hand Washing Needs
03 Institutional needs 5% 2.75
04 Lines Losses 1+2+3 7% 4.43
Total 67.68 say 68
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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
09 Source  Identification of safe & sustainable source/s to meet
requirement of desired water quantity and
quality.
 Source/s may be existing / new.
 Assessment of summer safe yield/discharge in
consideration with minimum PSH & lean period
draw down.
 Minimum Lean period safe yield for design
purpose should be preferably equal to or greater
than 3000 LPH.
 Considering the limitation of safe yield more than
one source can also be considered.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
10 Conveyance  Economical size of conveyance main should be
Main (Source designed in accordance with CPHEEO manual.
to Storage)  Pipe Material : Should be as per site specific
needs & pressure requirement - HDPE Grade
100 PN 8 & GI class medium (for Hilly Terrains).
 Pipe material should be considered having higher
pipe carrying capacity “C”.
 Assess frictional head to be encountered for
design discharge and diameter.
 Minimum Diameter : HDPE 63 mm OD / GI 65
mm.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description

11 Total Design  Determine Total Dynamic Head (TDH) for pump

Head (TDH) design i.e. sum of static head, draw down, pressure
head, velocity head and frictional losses etc in
conjunction with summer and winter solar radiation
hours for location specific.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
12 Design of  Design can be carried out with the following
Solar Pumping formula
System  Brake Horse Power
 (HP) = (Q X TDH)/{75 X operating efficiency (ƞ)}
 Where Q = design discharge for Ist Stage in LPS ,
 (ƞ) = combined operating efficiency of pump &
motor in consideration with BEP in percentage.
 TDH in meters
 Motor power input in KW = 0.746 X HP

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description

13 Requirement  Need selection of an appropriate commercially

of Solar Pump available pumping system as per site specific
requirements
 Recommended to provide DC pumps as per
requirement. Pump material should withstand with
corrosion & abrasion i.e. SS316.
 Preferably Helical rotor pump with Brushless DC
motor to be provided.
 Motor should start as early as possible in low
voltage / hazy conditions.
 IP65 rated environmental protection for motor and
cables.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
14 Solar Panel  While determining the array sizing due consideration
Array & should be given for various losses for the specific
Mounting location on account of temperature, de-rating of array
Structure and motor, cable losses, dirt loss, mis-match losses in
array, shading, low radiation etc.
 Accordingly array sizing should be worked out to
ensure required input power to motor over the design
period. Loses can be in- between 50 to 80% as per
site specific conditions.
 Accordingly determine required array size in
accordance to meet requirement of input power.
 Sizing should be in consideration with tracking / non-
tracking of system.
 Sizing needs to be done to meet the requirement of
power, voltage & Current.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
Solar Panel  Array sizing should be determine in such a way that
Array & solar pumping system should operate as early as
Mounting possible on minimum required voltage in morning as
Structure well as should stop late in evening to ensure pumping
of sufficient quantity of water.
 Monocrystalline perc panels are being suggested for
use in drinking water system as such having higher
cell operating efficiency.
 Panels should be provided of “A” grade quality.
 Positioning of Array

True Facing
South

Latitude
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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
Solar Panel  Necessary accessories & fittings, cables and
Array & electronics, protection devices like lighting arrestor,
Mounting earthing & other balance of system (BOS) etc. should
Structure be provided as per MNRE guidelines & technical
specifications.
 Mounting structure design wind loads of 200 km /hr.
 Prefabricated Mounting structure as per design in
consideration with dead load, live load, wind load etc.
Having galvanizing with minimum of 120 micron zinc
coating.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
15 Storage  Storage is to be fixed as under
1.50% of Ist stage water demand
2.Cloudy period water demand for 2 days @ 15 LPCD.
 Tank Storage is being considered in place of battery
storage
 For mini piped water supply schemes HDPE
commercially available / Metallic prefabricated tanks
should be provided subject to commercial availability,
easy of transportation and operation & maintenance.
 Staging shall be fixed in accordance with the required
min. pressure (5 m) at ferrule point of small dwellings
houses and topographic conditions but in no case staging
should be less than 6m.
 Suitable cost effective disinfection system must be
provided as per needs.
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STORAGE Lightening MH Cover Disinfection
Arrestor Unit
Float
Valve
Water
Container
Meter
Buffer Storage
for cloudy period
Railing
Inlet
Pipe Staging

Staircase
Pressure
Gauge
GL Outlet 2
NRV Sediment
/ Silt Filter Valve
Valve
Earthing Outlet 1
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Pump
KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description

16 Water  Water distribution system should be designed with

the peak factor as 3.
Distribution
 Pipe Material: As per site specific needs & pressure
Network - HDPE Grade 100 PN6 plain areas & GI Pipe
medium class for hilly terrain
 Minimum Diameter 63 mm OD for plain areas. For
the hilly terrain minimum diameter of 50 mm.
 Pipes having higher pipe carrying capacity i.e. value
of “C” should be considered.
 FHTC to be provided as per JJM guidelines.
17 Fencing  To be provided in an around the Solar Pumping
System Area

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
SN Components Description
18 Warranty  Warranty of Solar Water Pumping system should be as
per MNRE guidelines
19 Annual  Annual Maintenance Contract should be as per MNRE
Maintenance guidelines i.e. 5 years.
Contract
20 Preventive  Cleaning of panels should be done at the interval of 1
Maintenance to 2 months.
 Pump should be tied and hanged with the support of
plastic rope to ensure safety.
 Inspection / maintenance of electronic and electrical
components / cables should be carried out minimum 2
times a year or as per requirement.

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KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING & DESIGN - SWPS
Case - 1 Case - 2

TW 2 – Safe Yield 2000 LPH

Availability of water 11000 LPD

TW – Safe Yield 4000 LPH 300 m 1.5 HP

3 HP
Availability of water 22000 LPD TW 1 – Safe Yield 2000 LPH
1.5 HP Availability of water 11000 LPD
Population 250
Population 250 WD : 20125 LPD
WD : 20125 LPD

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CASE STUDY – MADHYA PRADESH
Village : Birkhedi
Block : Obedullganj
District : Raisen (MP)
Present Pop. : 740
Source : TW
Type of Scheme : Solar Based –
5 HP
Panel Size : 8 KW
Tariff : Rs.100/- pm/HH
O&M : PM – Rs. 6000/-
Revenue : PM – Rs. 10000/-
Maintained by : Gram Panchayat
CASE STUDY - CHHATTISGARH

Village : Paundha
Block : Patan
District : Durg (CG)
House Hold : 22
Live Stock : 580
Source : TW
Type of Scheme : Solar
Based – 1 HP
Panel Size : 675 W
Staging : 6 m
Storage : 5000 Litres
THEMATIC STUDY – MADHYA PRADESH
Multi Village Water Supply Scheme – Mardanpur District Sehore consist of 189
villages and 2 small towns. Source River Narmada. Capacity : 22 MLD, Serving
population of 2,72,602 souls. Commissioned in Aug 2017. Install Raw and Clear water
Pumps capacity 200 / 360 HP – pumping hours 23.
 Annual O&M cost 6.5 crores consist of power bills of 4 crores approximately.
 Cost of production of water Rs. 11 per thousand litres – not affordable.
 Suggested installation of grid tied solar system to meet the power requirement of
said water supply system. Installed Capacity can be 4125 KW/HR. Estimated cost of
installation of system works out to Rs. 19.00 crore approximately.
 Can be considered under Retrofitting of JJM to ensure O&M sustainability &
affordability.
 Annual O&M cost can be reduced to Rs. 2.5 crores with the installation of grid tied
solar system. Cost of production of water per KL come down to Rs. 4.25 which can
be affordable by community
CASE STUDY - PUNJAB
 Village : Chilla, Tehsil : SAS Nagar, District : SAS Nagar
 Present Population : 863, Household : 149, Livestock : 142
 FHTC : 133 , Source : 1 TW
 Motor HP : 20 HP Depth : 40 m Average daily Pumping Hr : 9
 Annual Power Bill : Rs. 4.25 Lacs Appox
 Water Produce : 2,90,000/- litres per day

Layout Diagram of Remote Monitoring System

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CASE STUDY - CHHATTISGARH
Solar Operated Standalone IRP using upflow roughing filters – Block Korba

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THANKS

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