University Institute of Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

& ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name: Computer Organization & Architecture
Subject Code: 21CST-252

BASIC CONCEPTS & COMPUTER DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 Chapter-1
Topics covered
• Basic concepts

Digital computer with its block diagram

• Computer hardware components

ALU, registers, memory

• System bus structure

Data, address and control bus

2
 INTRODUCTION
• COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Computer organization is concerned with the way the hardware components operate and the way they are
connected together to form the computer system.

• COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Computer architecture is concerned with the structure and behavior of the computer as seen by the user. It
includes the information formats, the instruction set, and techniques for addressing memory.

• COMPUTER DESIGN
Computer design is concerned with the hardware design of the computer. Computer design is concerned with
the determination of what hardware should be used and how the parts should be connected.

3
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM
• Parts of Computer :

• Central Processing Unit(CPU)

• Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)

• Control Unit(CU)

• Input and Output Unit

• Memory

• Registers

4
CPU
CPU -“BRAIN” OF THE COMPUTER
• The CPU performs bulk of the processing jobs.

• Major components

• Register Set

❑ Stores temporary data during execution of instructions

• Arithmetic and Logic Unit

❑ Performs operations to execute instructions

• Control Unit

❑ Supervises the operation of the ALU and transfer of data between register set and ALU

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 ALU-ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

• Performs mathematical, logical, and decision operations

• It is the final processing performed by the processor

• Information sent to the computer memory.

• ALU is divided into an Arithmetic unit(AU )and Logical Unit(LU).

• AU performs the arithmetic operations

• LU performs the logical operations.

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 MEMORY UNIT
Type of memories:
Primary memory:
Random Access Memory(RAM) - SRAM,DRAM
Read Only Memory (ROM) - PROM,EPROM,EEPROM
Cache memory
Virtual memory
Secondary memory:
Floppy disk
Compact disk
Hard disk
Magnetic tape etc.

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THANK YOU