CODE SWITCHING

GROUP 2
ARRANGED BY :

- Adam Sanjaya (192003516090)

- Rafelia Elsa Davistasya (212003546084)
 CODE SWITCHING

Code switching is part of sociolinguistics which talks about how language is

being switched from one to another in one utterance. The particular dialect or
language one choose to use on any occasion is a code, a system used for
communication between one or more parties. (Wardhaugh, 2006: 101)
TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING
There are two types of code switching, they are: Situational Code Switching and
Metaphorical Code Switching.

 Situational code-switching occurs when the languages used change according to the situations
in which the conversants find themselves: they speak one language in one situation and
another in a different one. No topic change is involved. (Wardhaugh, 1986: 102-103)

For an Example
Tourist : Cik, is there any bus or something here?

Tour Guide : Yes we have a shuttle bus and it always going around the park so we don’t have
the bus stop.

Tourist : Sorry?

Tour Guide: Kita takde bus station kat sini cik, because the bus always going around the park,
cik boleh stop the bus when you see it.
 Metaphorical code-switching happens when there is a change of the topic
influencing in the using of different codes. The codes are always changing because
of the topic. It depends on the perception’s change; formal to informal, official to
personal, serious to humorous, and politeness to solidarity. (Wardhaugh, 1986: 103)

For an Example

Made : We want to take it, to where… Ya itu tempat kita biasa mancing
(fishing), and we are drinking, singing, having fun, ok

Ali : And, there we are surfing, swimming… terus, kita jadi pusing-
pusing (feeling dizzy) dah…ha,ha,ha…

Made : Are you joining, Jim?

Jim : okay, then.

 Reasons of code switching
When switching code, the motivation or reasons of the speaker is an important
consideration in the process. Hoffman in Pardede and Kisno (2012, p.133) said that
some reasons for bilingual switch or mix their language are lead to the following
number:
 Talking about a particular topic

 Quoting somebody else

 Being emphatic about something (Express solidarity)

 Interjection (Inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors)

 Repetition used for clarification

 Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor

 Expressing group identity

 Functions of Code Switching
 Referential Function
It often involves lack of knowledge of one language or lack of facility in that language
on a certain subject.

 Directive Function
Chosen for conveying something directly to specific hearer whether to exclude or
include more persons in the conversation.

 Expressive Function
When speakers emphasize a mixed identity through the use of two languages in the
same discourse.

 Phatic Function
Often switching serves to indicate a change in tone of the conversation, and hence a phatic function.

 Metalinguistics Function
when it is used to comment directly or indirectly on the languages involved.

 Poetic Function
When bilingual language usage involving switched puns, jokes, etc. (Appel & Muysken, 1987: 118-120)
References
 Appel, R & Muysken, P. (1987). Language Contact and Bilingualism. Amsterdam: Amsterdam
University Press.

 Perdede, H and Kisno. (2012). Introduction to sociolinguistics: From general to local perspectives.
Jakarta – Batam: LLC Publishing.

 Wardhaugh, R. (1986). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. UK: Blackwell Publishing.

 Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. UK: Blackwell Publishing.

THANK YOU