Code Switching and Code

Mixing on China Rich Girlfriend

Novel by Kevin Kwan

Lisa Agustiyana Budi

1514025118

Samarinda, 27 Mei 2019

INTRODUCTION
 Background of the Research

Language as
communication tool

Sociolinguistics Monolingualism,
Code Language and Bilingualism &
Society Multilingualism)

China Rich
Code Multilingual
Code Choice Code Mixing Girlfriend
Switching country
Novel by Kevin
(Singapore)
Kwan
 Research Questions Purpose of the
Research
1. What are the types of code
switching and code mixing 1. The types of code mixing
applied on the dialogues and code switching used
between the characters in in the novel entitled
the novel entitled China China Rich Girlfriend.
Rich Girlfriend?
2. What are the reasons that 2. The reasons that make
make the characters characters perform code
perform code mixing and mixing and code
code switching through the switching through the
dialogues in the novel dialogues in the novel
entitled China Rich entitled China Rich
Girlfriend? Girlfriend.
 Significance of the Research
Theoretically Practically
• Contributing for the
• Expand the existing theory linguistics student and the
reader to get deeper
of sociolinguistics about comprehension and
code mixing and code understanding on code
switching. mixing and code switching,
the reasons which influence
• Find out the reasons which the characters in performing
code mixing and code
set off the characters in switching,
performing code mixing and
• Useful for the next researcher
code switching by using the and readers.
theory of Hoffman (1991).
Scope and Limitation of the
Research
Scope

The area of this study is Sociolinguistics

and the selected topic is about code mixing
and code switching uttered by all of the
characters in the novel entitled China Rich
Girlfriend which is written by Kevin Kwan.
Musyken Poplack Hofman
(2000) (1980) (1991)

Limitation

Dialogues of the characters on China Rich

Girlfriend novel
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Relationship Between Linguistics and Literary
Criticism
• Orientational
Linguistics: scientific, interested in objective and verifiable data.
Literary criticism: artistic than empirical and systematic.
• Methodological
Linguistics: analytical and descriptive.
Literary Criticism: perceptive, intuitive and evaluative.
• Teleological
Linguistics as a scientific investigation, aims at drawing from the
study of texts as a set of workable, abstract principles or
sufficiently generalizable results about language behaviour and
use.
Literary criticism is a rigorous inquiry that intends to lay out an
organon of methods (Wellek and Warren 1987), i.e. a set of
universal terms, general principles and criteria for the evaluation.
 Methodology
Orientation Teleology

Linguistics and literary criticism are contiguous

disciplines that converge on the understanding of
language, texts and discourses.
Language is the vehicle of literature and the object of
linguistics, the linguist has the right to make literary
judgments.
The methods of linguistics can be useful at some stages
in the analysis of literary texts
The procedures of literary criticism can inform the
practice of the linguistic analysis of texts
 Sociolinguistics
(Holmes, 1992).
Hudson (1980) The study of the
Trudgill (1974) relationship between
language and society.
‘the study of language The object study is
in relation to society’ concern on finding the
and sociology of A part of linguistics reason of people speak
language as ‘the study of which is concerned with differently in a different
society in relation to language as ‘a social and social context by
language’. cultural phenomenon’. identifying the social
functions of language to
convey social meaning.

Sociolinguistics can be understood as the branch of linguistics which

concern on the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistics
will guide people in communicating by showing language, the variety of
language or style of what language that they should be used in certain
person and situation.
 Bilingualism and Multilingualism
(Weinreich and Mackey, 1962)
Bilingualism is the ability to use two languages
alternately in which they master both of the
languages is the same or almost as well

Sridhar (1996)
Multilingualism involving balanced, native like
command of all the languages in the repertoire
is rather uncommon.

Bilingualism and multilingualism can be

defined as the ability to master and speak
several languages.
 Code
Wardhaugh (1986)
stated that code is a
system used for
communication
between two or
more parties used
on any occasions.
Stockwell (2002)
mentioned that
code is a system
agreed which is
used by at least
two persons.
Code refer to a
different accent,
dialect, tone,
grammatical change,
word change and etc.
it used to convey
several meanings
inside a single
utterance or written
form in a
communication.
 Code Switching
 Definition
Hymes (2007), code switching occurs when bilingual person
switch from one language to another in a single sentence of
conversation.

 Types of Code Switching

Poplack (1980) classifying the types of code switching into 3
types; 1) Intra-sentential Switching, 2) Inter-sentential
Switching, and 3) Tag Switching.
 Types of Code Switching
Intra-sentential
Switching
Took place between clause
or sentences boundaries.
Occurs when clause or the
sentence is on one
language or other in one
sentence.
The alternation in a single
discourse between two
languages, where the
switching occurs after a
sentence starts with a
language.
Example: “Todos los
Mexicanos [All the
Mexicans] were riled up”
(Pfaff, 1979)
Inter-sentential
Switching Tag Switching
When the language
switch to another
language in different
sentence. Sometimes it Instantly occurs
also marks with a short when the use of tags
pause and between or exclamation from
speakers turns, so the one one language into an
sentence will be in one utterance in the other
language and then the language
other sentence will be in a
totally different language. Example: “Hola! How
are you?”
Example: “Gum noi mah
gin! [Long time no see!]
Meet my friend Katherine
Tai.”
 Code Mixing
Definition
Code mixing is the transfer of linguistic elements from one
language to another: a sentence begins in one language, then
makes use of words or grammatical features belonging to
another (Crystal, 2003).

Types of Code Mixing

There are basically three types of code mixing, he subdivided it
into 3 types; 1) insertion, 2) alteration, and 3) congruent
lexicalization
 Types of Code Mixing
Congruent
Insertion Alteration
Lexicalization
The sentence in the
The speakers inserting languages share the
short elements such as Occurs when structures
grammatical structure
words or phrases from of two languages are
of different languages
one language into a alternated
which can be filled with
structure from another indistinctively both at
the elements of either
language without the grammatical and
language.
altering the structure of lexical level.
Example:
the previous language. “Alamak, who wants to
see all this
Example: Example:
Scandanavian gowsai? I
“I am afraid it can’t, “You gotta treat those
thought we would get to
mademoiselle” babies right, heimai?”
see some of Mrs. Sigh’s
jewels.”
Reason of Performing Code Switching
and Code Mixing
Hoffman (1991)
 Talking about a particular topic
 Quoting somebody else
 Being emphatic about something
 Interjection (Inserting sentence connectors or
sentence fillers)
 Repetition used for clarification
 Expressing group identity
 Previous Studies
• Code Mixing and Code Switching in Novel the Devil
Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger: A
Sociolinguistic Study.

• Analysis of Types Code Switching and Code Mixing

by The Sixth President of Republic Indonesia’s
Speech at the National of Independence Day by Ary
Iswanto Wibowo, Idah Yuniasih and Fera Nelfianti.
RESEARCH METHOD
 Research Design
Qualitative research focuses on behavioural
sciences where the aim is to discover the
underlying motives and desires of human
behavior (Kothari, 1990).
The data will be displayed descriptively by
using content analysis as the approach. Based
on this approach the researcher will analyze
the contents of documentary materials such as
books, journal and other research relating the
topic about code mixing and code switching.
Data and Data Source
 Primary data in this researcher
is dialogues in the novel entitled
China Rich Girlfriend written by
Kevin Kwan in the form of English
words, phrases, clauses and
sentences by all of the characters.

Secondary data of this research

is books, journals or articles which
are related to this research to get
the information of code switching
and code mixing, and the reason
of performing code mixing in
China Rich Girlfriend novel.
 Research Instrument
• Eisner (1991): the researcher is the key instrument on
a qualitative research. Because the researcher collect,
analyse, identify, observe, and classify the data
directly.
 Data Collection
Technique
• The researcher read the
whole chapters and
comprehend all of the
content in China Rich
Girlfriend novel.
• Selecting the data by
highlighting the phrase,
clause and sentences that
belong to data of this study.
• Investigates the reasons of
performing code mixing and
code switching in the
dialogues by comprehending
the social factors inside the
novel and relating to the
theory of the experts.
Data Analysis
Miles and Huberman (1994) which
divided into three steps.
Data reduction: organizing and
separating the data in form of
words, phrases, hybrids, word
reduplication, idiom and clauses in
China Rich Girlfriend novel.
Data display: explaining the
form of code mixing and code
switching, and the reasons of
performing code switching and
code mixing in China Rich
Girlfriend novel using the selected
theories
Conclusion drawing:
considering if the conclusion is
appropriate enough to answer the
research problem
 Triangulation
Denzin (1970)

Data Investigator Theory Methodological

triangulation triangulation triangulation triangulation

The researcher will use the theory

The researcher is using various
of Romaine to compare the
data source to validate the data
classification of the types of code
findings’ accurateness.
switching and code mixing.