Content 03

Historical background

Hall Effect

Experimentally

Formula

Parameters

Applications
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Edwin Herbert Hall

(1855-1938)

 This discovery was in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall.

 While working on his doctoral degree at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore,
Maryland, USA.
 18 years before the discovery of electrons.
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What is Hall Effect?

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Definition

The hall effect is the production of a potential difference

(the Hall voltage) in an electrical conductor, by passage of
electric current in the conductor and to an applied
magnetic field perpendicular to the current.
 Hall effect
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Conductor
Electric e
current

V
P.D = Distance between positive and negative charges.
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Magnetic field lines

+ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + +
_ _ __________ _ _
Electric current V
Conductor
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Point of interest

Why this potential difference occur?

 Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
10

Force
Magnetic
field F
B

Current
I
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Mathematical Formula

Where,
= Hall voltage
I = current flowing through the material
B = magnetic field strength
q = charge
n = no. of mobile charge carriers per unit volume
d = thickness of the material
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Parameters affecting

Current flow

Magnetic field strength

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Applications

 Hall effect is used to find carrier

concentration.
 Hall effect is used to measure
conductivity.
 Hall effect is used to measure the
strength of magnetic field.
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Current Transducers
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Hall effect in Semiconductors

N-type

P-type
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N-type

Type of semiconductors in which

electrons are the majority charge carrier
and holes are the minority charge
carriers.
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P-type

Type of semiconductors in which holes

are the majority charge carrier and
electrons are the minority charge
carriers.
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N-type
Positively charged
upper surface

Magnetic field
Negatively charged
bottom surface

Free electrons
Electric current accumulated at bottom
surface
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P-type
Negatively charged
upper surface

Magnetic field
Positively charged
bottom surface

Holes accumulated at
Electric current bottom surface
 References 20

 https://
www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/electronic-devices-and-circuits/semiconductor/ha
lleffect.html

 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/Hall.html

 https://byjus.com/physics/hall-effect/

 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basic_electronics/basic_electronics_hall_effect.html
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Thank You
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Any Questions ?