ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE of ELECTRICAL and MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT of ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LECTURE NOTE of
FUNDAMENTAL of ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(EEEg - 1034 )

PREPARED by: ANDUALEM M.

Outline

1. Review of Electromagnetic Phenomenon and Variables

2. Electric Circuit Parameters
3. DC Circuit Analysis
4. Steady State Single Phase AC Circuit Analysis
5. Transient Circuit Analysis
6. Introduction to Poly Phase Systems
Chapter 1 - Review of Electromagnetic Phenomenon and Variables

 Charge, Coulomb's Law, electric field, current, voltage,

power and energy
 Faraday's Law - self and mutual inductances
 Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Power Systems

 Electrical Circuit – is an interconnection of electrical components.

Or – The complete path of an electric current usually
including the sources of voltage and current.
 For transferring electrical energy or communicating signals from one
point to another, we often require an interconnection of electrical
components.
 Example of typical electrical circuit components: batteries or voltage
sources, current sources, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes,
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 A Simple Electrical Circuit Example

Fig 1.1 (a) Flashlight (b) Electrical schematic of flashlight

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 Charge

 Charge – is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which

matter consists and is measured in coulomb(C).
 Inside an atom, there is negative charge on electrons, positive
charge on protons and no charge on neutrons.
 A single electron has a charge of −1.602 × 10−19 C.
 In 1C of charge there are: 1/1.602 × 10−19 = 6.24 × 1018 electrons.
 Charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred .
 Charge in motion represents a current.
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 Coulomb's Law

 The magnitude of electrostatic force between two point electric

charges is directly proportional to product of the magnitude of the
charges and inversely proportional to square of distance between the
charges.

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Electrostatic Force

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Electrostatic Force Cont’d

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 Electric Field

For positive test charge:

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 Electric Field Cont’d

 Field Lines never cross each other.

 The stronger the electric field is, the more(dense) the field lines.

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Electric Field Cont’d

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Example 1.1

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Solution

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Solution Cont’d

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Solution Cont’d

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Solution Cont’d

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Solution Cont’d

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Solution Cont’d

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Current

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Two Important Types of Current

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Magnitude of Some Typical Currents

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Voltage

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Power

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Energy

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Ampere’s Law

 H dl  I net H (Magnetic Filed intensity in Ampere-turns per meter)

Ni
 B(Flux density in Tesla) = H =
lc
I
μ (permeability in henries per meter (H/m))
CSA

N turns    BdA = (Magnetic Flux in Weber)

A
 N iA
  BA  
lc
mean path length, lc
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 Faraday's Laws
Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction
1) Whenever the magnetic flux is changed or when a conductor is cut by the magnetic flux an emf is
induced
2) The magnitude of the induced emf generated in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change
of magnetic flux.

 The change of flux can be produced in two different ways:

I. Dynamically induced emf :-By the motion of the conductor or the coil in a magnetic field
II. Statically induced emf :-By changing the current (either increasing or decreasing)
 Statically induced emf can be further subdivided into
(a) self-induced emf and
(b) mutually induced emf.

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 Self induced emf
 Any electrical circuit in which the change of current is accompanied by the change of
flux, and therefore by an induced emf is said to be inductive or to possess self
inductance.

 The property of the coil which enables to induce an emf in it, whenever the current
changes is called self-induction
d
e  N
dt
di
e  L
dt
A coil with changing current and flux

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 Mutually induced emf (Transformer)

 The phenomenon of generation of induced emf in a circuit by changing the current in a neighboring
circuit is called mutual induction.

 When the switch K is closed to start current in the coil P the galvanometer gives a sudden "kick" in
one direction.
 when K is opened, the galvanometer again shows a deflection but in the opposite direction.
di
e  M 12
2 dt
1 2
M  M  N  N
12 21 2 I 1 I
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