Chapter 3 – DC Circuit Analysis

 Ohm’s Law
 Kirchhoff's Laws – KVL & KCL
 Circuits Simplifications – Series and Parallel
Connections of R,L,C and Sources; Star(Y) – Delta ()
Transformation
Chapter 3 – DC Circuit Analysis Cont’d

 Nodal Analysis
 Mesh Analysis
 Linearity and Superposition Theorem
 Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems
 Maximum Power Transfer

 
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Examples
…Contd..
Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

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 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

• Kirchhoff’s second law is based on the principle of

conservation of energy and is called KVL

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 …Contd..
 Consider the following Circuit

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Examples and Exercises

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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KCL and KVL Cont’d

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KCL and KVL Cont’d

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Example 2.5

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Example 2.6

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 Nodal Analysis
 In nodal analysis, we are interested in finding the node voltages.
 Given a circuit with n nodes without voltage sources, the nodal analysis of the
circuit involves taking the following three steps.

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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 …Contd..
 Using Elimination Technique

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 …Contd..

 Nodal Analysis with voltage source (super node)

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 …Contd..

 Nodal Analysis with voltage source (super node)

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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Mesh Analysis

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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 …Contd..

 Super Mesh

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…Contd..

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LINEARITY PROPERTY

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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Superposition

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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…Contd..

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Example
Example cont’d
Example
Cont’d
 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER
• In many practical situations, a circuit is designed to provide power to a load. While for
electric utilities, minimizing power losses in the process of transmission and distribution is
critical for efficiency and economic reasons, there are other applications in areas such as
communications where it is desirable to maximize the power delivered to a load.
• We now address the problem of delivering the maximum power to a load when given a
system with known internal losses. It should be noted that this will result in significant
internal losses greater than or equal to the power delivered to the load.
• The Thevenin equivalent is useful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver
to a load. We assume that we can adjust the load resistance RL. If the entire circuit is replaced
by its Thevenin equivalent except for the load, as shown in Fig, the power delivered to the
load is
 Cont’d

• To prove the maximum power transfer theorem, we differentiate

p in with respect to RL and set the result equal to zero. We
obtain

• showing that the maximum power transfer takes place when the
load resistance RL equals the Thevenin resistance RTh.
Example
Cont’d