COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES
.
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 Hello! I’m prof. mirasol b.
manlapaz
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 .

01 02
Overview of Types of
Communicable Communicable
Disease
Disease
03 04
Modes of Common
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transmission Communicable
Diseases
 OVERVIEW  Communicable/Infectious
diseases are disorders
caused by organisms — such
as bacteria, viruses, fungi
.
or parasites.
 Many organisms live in and

01 on our bodies. They're

normally harmless or even
helpful. But under certain
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conditions, some organisms

may cause disease
 OVERVIEW  Some infectious diseases
can be passed from person
to person.
 Some are transmitted by
.
insects or other animals.
 Consuming contaminated

01 food or water
 being exposed to organisms
in the environment.
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 OVERVIEW  Signs and symptoms vary
depending on the organism
causing the infection, but
often include fever and
.
fatigue.
 Mild infections may

01 respond to rest and home

remedies, while some life-
threatening infections may
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need hospitalization.
 Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, students
should be able to:
1. Define communicable disease;
.
2. Analyze the Sign and Symptoms of
Different Types of Communicable
Diseases
3. Employ Prevention and Control for
Different Types of Communicable
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Diseases
 Depending upon source:
Types of
Communicable
Diseases 1. Respiratory
Infections
.
- Are infections of
parts of the body
02 involved in breathing,
such as the sinuses,
throat, airways or lungs.
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 Depending upon source:
Types of
Communicable 2. Intestinal Infections
Diseases a. Usually emerges after
. consuming food or water
that is contaminated with
bacteria, parasites or a
02 virus.
b. It is associated with
fever, abdominal pain,
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vomiting and frequent

 Types of Depending upon source:
Communicable
Diseases 2. Intestinal Infections
. c. Bowel infections occur
most commonly in people
with weaker immune
02 system, like in children,
adults or people with a
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history of chronic illness.

 Types of Depending upon source:
Communicable 3. Surface Infections
Diseases - This often happens when
there is a break, cut, or
.
wound on your skin.
- It can also happen when

02 your immune system is

weakened, because of
another disease or a
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medical treatment.
 Types of Depending upon source:
Communicable 3. Surface Infections
Diseases - Some skin infections
. cover a small area on
the top of your skin.
- Other infections can
02 go deep into your skin
or spread to a larger
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area.
 Types of Depending upon source:
Communicable 4. Arthropod Borne
Diseases Infections
- Arboviral disease is a
.
general term used to
describe infections caused

02 by a group of viruses spread

to people by the bite of
infected arthropods
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(insects) such as mosquitoes

and ticks.
 Types of Depending upon source:
Communicable 4. Arthropod Borne
Diseases Infections
. - These infections usually
occur during warm
weather months, when
02 mosquitoes and ticks are
active.
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 Depending upon source:
Types of 5. Sexually Transmitted
Communicable Disease
Diseases - A disease caused by
. infection with certain
bacteria, viruses, or other
microorganisms that can be
02 passed from one person to
another through blood, semen,
vaginal fluids, or other body
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fluids, during oral, anal, or

 A. Direct contact
MODES OF Infectious diseases are
TRANS
often spread through direct
MISSION
contact. Types of direct
.
contact include the following.
1. Person-to-person

03
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 1.Person-to-person contact
MODES OF  Infectious diseases are
TRANS commonly transmitted through
MISSION direct person-to-person
. contact.
Person-to-  Transmission occurs when a
person person with an infectious
contact disease touches or exchanges
body fluids with someone else.
03  This can happen before they
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are aware of the illness.

 1. Person-to-person contact
MODES OF  Sexually transmitted diseases
TRANS (STDs) and gastrointestinal
MISSION infections can be transmitted this
way.
.
Person-to-  Pregnant people can also transmit
person infectious diseases to their unborn
fetuses via the placenta.
contact
 Some STDs, including gonorrhea,

03 can be passed from gestational

parent to baby during childbirth
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 2. Droplet spread
MODES OF
- The spray of droplets during
TRANS
coughing and sneezing can
MISSION
spread an infectious disease.
. - You can even infect another
2. DIRECT
CONTACT person through droplets
created when you speak.
- Since droplets fall to the
03 ground within a few feet, this
type of transmission requires
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close proximity.
 Airborne transmission
MODES OF -Some infectious agents can
TRANS
travel long distances and
MISSION
remain suspended in the air
.
INDIRECT for an extended period of
CONTACT time.
-You can catch a disease like
03 measles by entering a room
after someone with measles
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has departed.
 2. Contaminated objects
MODES OF
- Some organisms can live
TRANS
on objects for a short time.
MISSION
-If you touch an object, such
.
INDIRECT as a doorknob, soon after a
CONTACT person with an infectious
disease, you might be exposed

03 to infection.
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 2. Contaminated objects
MODES OF
- Transmission occurs when
TRANS
you touch your mouth, nose,
MISSION
or eyes before thoroughly
.
INDIRECT washing your hands.
CONTACT - Germs can also be spread
through blood products and
medical supplies containing
03 the virus or bacteria.
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 3. Food and drinking water
MODES OF
TRANS -Infectious diseases can be
MISSION transmitted via food and water
containing the virus or bacteria.
.
INDIRECT -- E. coli is often transmitted
CONTACT through improperly handled
produce or undercooked meat.
-Improperly canned foods can
03 create an environment ripe for
Clostridium botulinum, which can
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lead to botulism.
 MODES OF 4. Animal-to-person contact
TRANS Some infectious diseases can
MISSION be transmitted from an
.
animal to a person. This can
INDIRECT happen when an animal with
CONTACT
an infection bites or
scratches you, or when you

03 handle animal waste.

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 MODES OF 5. Animal reservoirs
TRANS -Animal-to-animal disease
MISSION transmission can sometimes
.
transfer to humans.
INDIRECT - Zoonosis occurs when
CONTACT
diseases are transferred
from animals to people.

03
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 5. Animal reservoirs
MODES OF
TRANS - Zoonotic diseases include:
MISSION anthrax (from sheep), rabies
(from rodents and other
.
INDIRECT mammals),West Nile virus (from
CONTACT birds),plague (from rodents)

03
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 MODES OF 6. Insect bites (vector-
TRANS borne disease)
MISSION -Some zoonotic infectious
.
agents are transmitted by
INDIRECT insects, especially those that
CONTACT suck blood. These include
mosquitos, fleas, and ticks.
03
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 MODES OF 6. Insect bites (vector-borne
disease)
TRANS
MISSION -The insects become infected
when they feed on infected
.
INDIRECT hosts, such as birds, animals,
CONTACT and humans.
-The disease is then transmitted
when the insect bites a new host.

03 - Malaria, West Nile virus, and

Lyme disease are all spread this
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way
 MODES OF 7. Environmental reservoirs
TRANSMIS - Soil, water, and vegetation
SION containing infectious organisms
can also be transferred to
.
INDIRECT people. Hookworm, for example,
CONTACT is transmitted through
infected soil.

03
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 Communicable Description Incubation Period Mode of Sign and Prevention and Control 
Diseases Transmission symptoms

•
Tuberculosis (TB) is Weeks- year 1. Droplet • Tiredness Control Programs:
A. a disease caused by depending upon infection • Loss of The National Tuberculosis

OVERVIEW
Tubercu germs that are
spread from person
dose of infection &
immunity of
2. Coughing Appetite
• Loss of
Program (NTP)
The District Tuberculosis
losis to person through patient. Weight Program (DTP)
the air. • Anemia
• TB usually affects • Evening 1. Raising the resistance of
. the lungs, but it can rise in the population to the
also affect other temperatur disease by:
5. Animalparts of the body,
reservoirs e/ night a. Good Social Condition
such as the brain, sweats b. BCG (Bacille Calmette
Animal-to-animal
the kidneys,disease
or thetransmission can sometimes transfer to
• Chest pain Guerin) Vaccination:
humans. Zoonosis
spine. occurs when diseases are transferred from animals
• Cough for a 2. Reduction of human
• A person with TB can
to people. long time/ infection by:
die if they do not get coughing up a. Detection & isolation of
Zoonotic diseases
treatment. include: of blood maximum number of case
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West b. Chemoprophylaxis
3. Chemotherapy
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

1. First line agent: Isoniazid
2. Second line agents:
Ethionamide
 Communicable Description Incubation Period Mode of Sign and symptoms Prevention and Control 
Diseases Transmission

B. Chickenpox is an 14-16 days Droplet Fever 1. By administering

infection caused by infection Appearance of specific V. Zoster
Chicken
pox
OVERVIEWthe varicella-zoster
virus.
Freshly rash in the
contaminated form of crop
immunoglobulin
2. Use of local
It causes an itchy fomites used on trunk, face antiseptics like
rash with small, fluid- by patients and limbs. chlorhexidine
. filled blisters. can transmit Macules (small 3. If the bacteria
Chickenpox is highly disease flat colored infection progress give
5. Animal reservoirs
contagious to people • Virus can spot n skin) antibiotics.
who haven’t had the cross appear first 4. Transmission
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to
disease or been placental and within 24 prevented by isolation
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals
vaccinated against it. barrier hrs. lesions will of patient for 5-7
to people.
and may appear days
Zoonotic diseases include: affect • the lesions 5. Sterilization of all
fetus
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),Westbecomes dry articles used by the
to form patient after cure.
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

scabs
 C. Influenza Flu (influenza) is About 1-2 days 1. Droplet infection 1. Fever up to 1. By administering
an infection of (24-48 Hrs.) 2. Freshly 40.5°C polyvalent
the nose, throat contaminated 2. Malaise, Chills, influenza virus
formites headache, vaccine.
and lungs, which
OVERVIEW
3. Direct contact backache 2. Isolation of
are part of the
3. Loss of appetite suspected case
respiratory 4. Face is flushed 3. Spitting in public
system. 5. Runny or stuffy places should be
Influenza is nose avoided.
. commonly called 6. Dry, Persistent 4. People must be
the flu, but it's cough educated about
healthy habits.
5. Animal reservoirs
not the same as
Treatment
stomach "flu"
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to a. Bed rest until
viruses that
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals fever has subsided.
cause diarrhea B.
to people.
and vomiting. Analgesics(Paracet
Zoonotic diseases include: amol)
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West c. Dry Cough
Suppressant
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

(Noscapine)
d. Anti-viral may
be used
 • Measles is an 8-14 days 1. Droplet 1. Stage 1 (Catarrhal 1. Active
D. Measles
extremely infection Stage) immunization:
contagious illness 2. Direct a. Fever a. By live attenuated
caused by a virus contact b. Running Nose measles virus over
that replicates in c. Cough one year age
OVERVIEW the nose and throat
of those infected.
d. Appearance of red
spot in mouth
2. Passive
Immunization
• Although typically e. watering eyes a. by Human normal
considered a 2. Stage 2 ( Stage of immunoglobulin
childhood disease, Eruption) 3. Isolation of
. anyone who is not a. Red rash seen at patient for 7 days
vaccinated can get back of ears & after onset of
5. Animal reservoirs
it. foreheads along rashes
• It’s possible for hairline 4. Immunization of
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to
you to be b. rash spread all over contacts
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals
contagious to body 5. Article should be
to people. others for several properly disinfected.
daysinclude:
Zoonotic diseases before you
know you are sick
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
and remain
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Nile virus (from birds),plague

contagious even (from rodents)
after the rash
disappears.
 E. • Malaria is a serious and 9-30 days
1.Vector 1. Cold Stage 1. Prevention
sometimes fatal disease transmission: a. Onset fever against mosquito
Malaria caused by a parasite By bite of with chills and bite
that commonly infects a female anopheles sensation of 2. Anti-larval

OVERVIEW
certain type of mosquito mosquito extreme cold measures
which feeds on humans. 2. Direct 2. Hot Stage 3. Anti-adult
• People who get malaria transmission: a. Temperature mosquito
are typically very sick By injection of rise up to 40- measures
with high fevers, shaking infected blood 41°C 4. Control of
. chills, and flu-like illness. or plasma b. Intense human reservoir
3. Congenital: headache
5. Animal reservoirs
Infected mother 3. Sweating
to newtransfer
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes born to Stage
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals
a. Fever
to people. decreases with
sweating.
Zoonotic diseases include:
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

 • Plague is a disease that 3-6 days 1. Bite of an 1. Fever/ Chills 1. General Measures
F. Plague
affects humans and infected flea. 2. Headache a. Prophylaxis for
other mammals. 2. Handling of 3.Extreme prevention bites of
• It is caused by the infected animals weakness fleas- by controlling
bacterium, Yersinia (especially cats, 4. Abdominal pain rats.

OVERVIEWpestis.
• Humans usually get plague
rabbits, rats,
mice, and
5. Hemoptysis
6. Dyspnea
B. Early diagnosis,
notification, isolation &
after being bitten by a squirrels) disinfection of
rodent flea that is 3. inhaling excretions like sputum
carrying the plague droplets from c. Attendant must wear
. bacterium or by handling humans or protective measures
an animal infected with household pets like gloves
5. Animalplague.
reservoirs with plague 2. Chemoprophylaxis
a. protect by using
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to suitable drugs
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals 3. Vaccination
to people. a. Killed Vaccine
b. Attenuated Vaccine
Zoonotic diseases include:
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

 • Leprosy is an infectious 3-5 years 1. Direct 1. Initially nerve 1. Isolation of patient
G.
disease that causes transmission damage causes 2. Early diagnosis and
Leprosy severe, disfiguring skin -prolonged close numbness of skin on chemotherapy
sores and nerve contact with an face, hand and feet 3. Treated with some
damage in the arms, infected person. 2. Affected skin specific drugs such as

OVERVIEW legs, and skin areas

around your body.
2. Through air
borne droplets
may become
thickened and
dapsone
4. Create awareness
• Leprosy has been discolored about leprosy
around since ancient 3. Loss of sensation a. Avoid over crowding
times. Outbreaks have 4. Lack of sensation b. Bad personal hygiene
. affected people on leads to injury or c. Avoid sharing of
every continent. even loss of fingers cloths
5. Animal reservoirs or toes 5. For prophylactic
purpose use BCG vaccine
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to
humans. Zoonosis occurs when diseases are transferred from animals
to people.
Zoonotic diseases include:
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

 • Acquired For Adults: 1. Sexual contact 1. 1st symptoms appear 1. Create awareness about
H.
immunodeficiency 8-10 years with infected within 6 weeks of HIV in children
Acquired syndrome (AIDS) is a person infection 2. Use protective measures
Immuno chronic, potentially life- For Children 2. Trough infected a. Swollen lymph like condoms
threatening condition below 5 years: blood products or nodes 3. Screening of all blood
Deficiency caused by the human within 2 years blood transfusion b. Fever products and tissue for
Syndrome
(AIDS)
OVERVIEW immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).
3. By sharing
contaminated
c. Fatigue
d. Rash
transplant
4. Use sterilization method
• By damaging your needles or syringes e. Sore throat for instruments used for
immune system, HIV 4. Infected mother piercing of nose and ear
interferes with your to fetus 2. Other symptoms: lobes.
body’s ability to fight 5. Also through a. Fever persisting 5. Use disposable single
. infection and disease. body fluids like for more than one used needle and syringes
HIV is a sexually semen month 6. By avoiding pregnancy by
5. Animaltransmitted
reservoirs infection 6. Also unsterilized b. Unexpected weight infected women.
(STI). piercing, blades, etc loss 7. Use proper Protection by
Animal-to-animal diseaseittransmission can sometimes transfer c.toDiarrhea
• Without medication, health care workers like
may take years
humans. Zoonosis beforewhen diseases are transferred from animals
occurs d. Tuberculosis etc. hand gloves while handling
HIV weakens your infected patients
to people.immune system to the 8. Proper behavior with

Zoonotic point that you have

diseases include: infected people.
AIDS.
anthrax (from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
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Nile virus (from birds),plague (from rodents)

 • Coronavirus disease 5-14 days 1. Droplet 1. Fever or chills 1. Hand washing
Coronavi
(COVID-19) is an infectious infection(e.g 2. Cough 2. Staying Up to Date
rus disease caused by the ., coughing 3. Shortness of with COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2 virus. or sneezing) breath or 3. Improving Ventilation
disease
• Most people infected with 2. Airborne difficulty 4. Getting Tested for
(COVID
-19)
OVERVIEW the virus will experience
mild to moderate
transmission breathing
3. Surface 4. Fatigue
COVID-19 If Needed
5. Following
respiratory illness and transmission 5. Muscle or body Recommendations for
recover without requiring 4. Fecal-oral aches What to Do If You Have
special treatment. 6. Headache Been Exposed
. • Older people and those with 7. New loss of 6. Staying Home If You
underlying medical taste or smell Have Suspected or
5. Animalconditions
reservoirslike 8. Sore throat Confirmed COVID-19
cardiovascular disease, 9. Congestion or 7. Seeking Treatment If
Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transferrunny
diabetes, chronic to nose You Have COVID-19 and
humans.respiratory
Zoonosis occurs
disease,when
or diseases are transferred from animals
10. Nausea or Are at High Risk of
to people.
cancer are more likely to vomiting Getting Very Sick
develop serious illness. 11. Diarrhea 8. Avoiding Contact with
Zoonotic diseases
• Anyone caninclude:
get sick with People Who Have
anthrax COVID-19
(from sheep), rabies (from rodents and other mammals),West
and become Suspected or Confirmed
seriously ill or die at any(from rodents) COVID-19
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Nile virus (from birds),plague

age. 9. Get vaccinated and get
all recommended boosters
when you are eligible for
 Sometimes it
only takes
one image...
...to tell the story.
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 And the bigger the better
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 facts about VACCINES

Vaccines cause “herd immunity,” Not all vaccines

Vaccines which means if the majority of are given as
prevent people in a community have been shots. Some
more than vaccinated against a disease, an
unvaccinated person is less likely
vaccines are
2.5 million to get sick because others are less given orally
deaths likely to get sick and spread the
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each year disease.

 facts about VACCINES

It Combined If we stop
Immunization
is always best vaccines are vaccination,
through
to get safe and deadly diseases
vaccination is
vaccinated, beneficial will return.
the safest
way to even when you
protect think the risk
against of infection is
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disease. low.
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