GE 9- THE LIFE AND WORKS OF

RIZAL

Works of Rizal
Group 2
About Rizal
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

José Rizal (1861-1896) is one of the most revered figures in

Philippine history. He was a multifaceted intellectual and a
political activist, best known for his political writings that
inspired the Philippine revolution and ultimately led to his
execution by the Spanish colonizers.
Noli Me Tangere
Touch Me Not

• On March 21, 1887, the first novel by

Jose Rizal, was printed in Berlin,
Germany.

• It was written in Spanish that inspired the

nation to revolt against Spain, culminating
in the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
Characters
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin - one of the most
memorable characters in the narrative
Maria Clara - a well-respected woman and the girlfriend of
Crisostomo Ibarra
Elias - Ibarra’s mysterious friend and master boater.
Captain Tiago (Don Santiago de los Santos) - an
uncommon individual in that he is a wealthy Filipino who
is native-born and lives in Binondo.
Father Damaso Verdolagas - obviously corrupt, and he is
known for having no shame.
Father Salvi - a younger, more cunning Spanish priest who
assumes control over Father Damaso’s post as friar curate
of San Diego.
Characters
Don Rafael Ibarra - Crisostomo Ibarra’s father.
Pilosopo Tasyo - an old man with a background in
philosophy
Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña - an ambitious
Noli Me Tangere character.
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña - Spanish husband of Doña
Victorina who is limp and submissive to his wife.
Sisa - the mother of Crispin and Basilio
Basilio - son of Sisa
Crispin - son of Sisa
Doña Consolacion - an elderly Filipina woman who is
ashamed of her origin
The Ensign (The Alferez) - Chief of the Guardia Civil in
the town of San Diego
Father Sibyla - rational and peaceful priest
Characters
Aunt Isabel - cousin of Captain Tiago.
Linares - a distant nephew of Don Tiburcio de Espadaña.
Doña Pia Alba - the religious mother of Maria Clara and
the wife of Captain Tiago.
Lt. Guevara - a morally upright man of Spanish origin who
has a great deal of respect for both Crisostomo Ibarra and
Don Rafael
The Schoolmaster - a teacher that Don Rafael
Don Filipo - holds the position of vice mayor in the city.
The Mayor - shows major respect to the friars
The Yellow Man - plotted to kill Ibarra
Captain General - unnamed representative of Spain and
holds the position of Captain General in the Philippine
government
Characters
Tarcilo Alasigan - An individual whose father was put to
death by members of the Civil Guard.
Bruno Alasigan - Tarsilo Alasigan’s brother
Lucas - Lucas is the Yellow Man’s brother.
Captain Pablo - He is the leader of the “persecuted” men’s
rebel group that is out for vengeance against the Civil
Guard.
Nol Juan - He supervises the building of Crisostomo
Ibarra’s school and was in charge of its construction.
Don Pedro Eibarrimendia - Crisostomo Ibarra’s
grandfather.
Don Saturnino - Ancestor of Crisostomo Ibarra.
Iday - Maria Clara’s beautiful and talented friend
Sinang - Sinang is Maria Clara’s joyful friend
Characters
Andeng - Maria Clara’s godsister, and in addition to that,
she is a good cook.
Victoria - Maria Clara’s quiet friend who also
Neneng - One of Maria Clara’s friends.
Don Primitivo - An old man who knows how to reason and
likes to speak Latin.
Tinchang - A woman who is easily frightened and is
Captain Tinong’s wife.
Captain Basilio, Captain Tinong, and Captain Valentin -
Some of the captains in the town of San Diego.
Captain Maria - The only female patriot who sided with
Ibarra in his defense of his father’s memory.
Albino - a former seminarian
Andong - accused of being a filibuster.
Characters
Balat - uncle of Elias who went on to become a bandit.
Carlicos - Father Damaso’s brother-in-law who lived in
Spain.
Leon - Iday’s girlfriend who noticed a crocodile in the
lake.
Hermana Rufa - She sided with Father Damaso and her
allegiance was with him.
The Chief Sexton - an individual who is responsible for
taking care of the church.
The Gravedigger - a worker at the cemetery who, on the
instructions of Father Damaso, exhumes Don Rafael’s
body.
 Plot
The plot revolves around Crisostomo Ibarra, mixed-race heir of a
wealthy clan, returning home after seven years in Europe and filled
with ideas on how to better the lot of his countrymen.
 Settings
The setting is 19th century in the Philippines during the latter years
of the country as Spain's only colony in Asia.
Lectures on Rizal's representation of the conditions
and problems of Philippine Society

• THE FRIAROCRACY
• ABUSE OF POWER
• ROBBED FILIPINO RIGHTS
• ABSENCE OF WOMEN RIGHTS
W W W. R E A L LY G R E AT S I T E . C O M
 The Friarocracy

• Friars are opposed to reform, progress, and justice to the

country.

Example: Simon Ibarra wanted to open a school, Padre Damaso

were opposed to it.
 Abuse of Power
• Catholic friars have commandeered the country’s politics and culture,
manipulating the lives of Filipino citizens in an attempt to assert authority and
influence.

Example: Lieutenant Guevarra, his father’s friend, told the story behind his father’s
death. He was told that Padre Damaso ordered the gravediggers to transfer Rafael
Ibarra’s body to the Chinese Cemetery. Although the gravediggers did not follow
Padre Damaso’s order, they threw the body into the river. This made Crisostomo Ibarra
angry that made him start a revolution against Padre Damaso and the Spanish
government.
 Robbed Filipino Rights
• All Filipinos were called Indios during the time of the Spaniards which
means that Filipinos were foolish, not smart, and poor.
• Education was not for everyone, and most Filipinos were only exploited as
laborers.

Example: There are characters that have the symbolic meaning of the novel like
Sisa was a mother of Crispin and Basilio who took care of her children and
became an outcast when her sons were missing.
 Absence of Women Rights
• Women like Maria Clara are used for political strength, wealth, and
social connections through marrying.
• She is a mistreated wife who puts up with her husband’s beatings and
the fact that he is irresponsible, yet she continues to regard him as a
“god” despite all of this.

Example: Maria Clara despite being dressed well, prim and proper was
raped by Padre Salvi. She did not receive any justice.
 FACTS:
• Sisa represents the Inang Bayan or Motherland who became an outcast because of the ill-
treatment of the Spaniards to the Filipinos while Maria Clara represented the Filipino
women who were oppressed and abused by the Spaniards.
• Through Elias, he signified as a character who need to bring reforms in the Philippine
Society during 19th century
• Tagalog/Filipino translations (and translations in general) were published only after Rizal's
death. But during his lifetime, his older brother Paciano supposedly did a Tagalog translation
which Rizal was supposed to have revised and approved, but apparently the manuscript was
lost and so this translation has never seen the light of day.
• Maria Clara was based on his fiancee Leonor Rivera, and Father Florentino was based on
Father Leoncio Lopez, the parish priest of his hometown.
El Filibusterismo
The Subersive

• The second and last novel completed by José

Rizal (1861–1896)
• El Filibusterismo is a sequel to Noli Me Tangere
• Was written in Castilian while Rizal was
traveling and studying in Europe
• Published in Ghent in 1891
• Translated into English, German, French,
Japanese, Tagalog, Ilonggo, and other languages
 Major Themes
Importance of Education
Presence of Corrupt
Fighting For Freedom Government
In El Filibusterismo, officials
El Filibusterismo inspired the Rizal’s novel accurately
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preserve a monopoly for
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Filipino people to fight for their depicted the self-serving
education.
freedom against the oppressive officials
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 Plot
A dark, brooding, at times satirical novel of revenge, unfulfilled
love, and tragedy, the Fili (as it is popularly referred to) still has as
its protagonist Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra. Thirteen years older, his
idealism and youthful dreams shattered, and taking advantage of
the belief that he died at the end of Noli Me Tangere, he is
disguised as Simoun, an enormously wealthy and mysterious
jeweler who has gained the confidence of the colony’s governor-
general.
Characters
Simoun - Crisóstomo Ibarra reincarnated as a wealthy
jeweler, bent on starting a revolution
Basilio - Sisa's son, now an aspiring doctor
Isagani - poet and Basilio's best friend; portrayed as
emotional and reactive; Paulita Gómez' boyfriend before
being dumped for fellow student Juanito Peláez
Kabesang Tales - Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza
de barangay (barangay head) who resurfaced as the feared
Luzón bandit Matanglawin
Don Custodio - Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de
Monteredondo, a famous journalist who was asked by the
students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano.
Characters
Captain-General - (no specific name) the powerful highest
official of the Philippines
Padre Sibyla - Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar and
now vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas (U.S.T.)
Dedication to Gomburza

RIZAL, IN DEDICATING HIS SECOND NOVEL

ENTITLED EL FILIBUSTERISMO WHICH CONDEMNED
THE SPANISH RULE AND THE ELITE FILIPINOS. IN
HIS NOVEL, RIZAL WROTE "TO THE MEMORY OF THE
PRIESTS, DON MARIANO GOMEZ (89 YEARS OLD),
DON JOSE BURGOS (40 YEARS OLD), AND DON
JACINTO ZAMORA (55 YEARS OLD).
W W W. R E A L LY G R E AT S I T E . C O M
 Differences
of
Noli Me Tangere
and
El Filibusterismo