Planning Legislation

TASK – 4

PLANNING PRACTICE

 Opportunities ,roles & responsibilities for Planning professionals ( Urban

planning & allied fields) in India & abroad ( government & private
sector ).

Submitted To – Prof. Vidya Ghuge

Submitted By – Monalisa swain

Semester – 2nd Sem , First Year Enrol. No. –
MT21UPL008
 CONTENT

1. ROLES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS

2. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS
3. SKILL SETS OF URBAN PLANNERS
4. OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA
5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN ABROAD
6. SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN
INDIA
7. SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN
ABROAD

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 ROLES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS
Across different sectors and scales of interventions, an planner may be engaged in public, private or education sectors.
Various roles include town planning official, technical expert, project manager, advisor, consultant, faculty etc. Some of the key functions
of urban planners (including but not limited to) are:

a. Technical and Analytical: b. Consensus building and moderation:

• Conducting feasibility studies, undertaking survey, research and analysis, • Engaging actively with different stakeholders
documentation, preparation of plans, detailed project reports, financial
modelling, implementation, and monitoring, • Enabling the balance amongst all relevant interests
• Analysis, drafting, preparation, implementation, and monitoring of spatial and competing land uses so as to solve conflicting
plans demands on space and development
• Conducting research and developing strategies, supporting policies,
programmes and key projects of the government at various levels • Engaging with citizens and ensuring effective
• Contributing to the field through research and innovations public participation at various levels of planning
• Developing innovative approaches to solve complex urban and regional processes
challenges pertaining to housing, basic services, transportation,
• Incorporating considerations pertaining to gender, child, universal access,
climate change, safety and sustainability
• Executing techno-legal roles, including building permissions and plan
enforcement functions
• Developing strategies for regional development
• Developing policy frameworks for environment-sensitive development
• Implementing development projects and closely monitoring the impacts for
mid-course corrections, if any.

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 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS

• As depicted in Figure, urban planning and its applications go beyond cities/ urban, to rural, tourism, industrial, transport and logistics,
regional, environmental, and so on.

• Therefore, the skillsets of urban/town planners need to encompass various aspects of multiple disciplines such as architecture,
economics, environmental science, geography, finance, data analytics, etc.

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 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS
The Planner as a Theoretician/Communicator
(Transactive Planning)
The planner must be well versed in appropriate theory
and, as a theoretician, act as a teacher to the public in
wide range of issues pertaining to social and economic
development in rural areas. The planner must not only
be able to teach, but should also be able to learn from
those with whom he engages in a discussion. The
planner is thus both a teacher and a student, not an
authority who professes to know all answers
The Planner as a National, Ideological and Political
Advocate
A Planner should be conversant with current national
macro- economic issues in and the government’s
policies in respect of them. They should , for example ,
be able to interpret such major policy statements such
as ZIMASSET translating their implications in a way
that can be understood by the local community . This
again requires a planner to be both a teacher and a
technocrat.
The Planner as Advisor on National and
Sectoral Policies
The Planner as an Initiator of
Projects and Programmes.
The planner should be able to advise the
(Innovative Planning)
public at district or provincial level on
sectoral rural and urban development, such
In the area of programme and
as agricultural policy, livestock policy,
project design, the role of the
health policy, housing policy etc. The
planner is one of an initiator. The
planner should therefore be in possession
Planner may find it necessary
of, and familiar with, respective original
either to initiate ideas that lead to
policy documents.
identification of projects, or seek
to create the conditions which
The Planner as a Facilitator
can result in their identification.
Most often, however, the planner
A Planner assumes the role of the
assumes the role of manager and
consultant and coordinator when dealing
professional consultant,
with district, area or subsector goals and
rendering advice to others on the
strategies. He/she is expected to prepare
design of appropriate
and interpret development planning
programmes and projects.
guidelines through the use of various
planning methods and techniques. He/she
should think in strategic terms and adapt
guidelines to actual field situation
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 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS
The Planner as a Mobiliser of Resources
(R/Comprehensive Planning)
The planner is a bridge between resources and
rural/urban institutions and non-governmental
organisations. As a mobilise of resources , the planner
has an important role to play in promoting and
organizing self help systems as an important
complement to government financed development
efforts
The Planner as a Project Manager and Implementer.
(Innovative Planning)
The planner is often responsible for management and
implementation of project at the district regional level
monitor projects and to propose measures for solving
problems that may be encountered in project execution.
They are also required to help strengthen the project
cycle by advising on improved methods of project
design, management and implementation
The Planner as Evaluator of Projects and Programmes
In their role as evaluators of programmes and projects at the district and regional
level , planners are required to have sound knowledge of the key indicators of
performance as well as the methodology of how [and when] to apply them . The
planner should therefore be comfortable in the use of various social research
methods and techniques. These methods and techniques should also cover the
systematic promotion of the community participation. For this role and most
others the planner will require an updated data bank of the city, district, region or
province.
The Planner as an Advocate of Social Justice (Advocacy Planning)
As advocates of social justice, planners must seek to balance considerations of
growth and equity in development at district or regional level they must be also
defenders of minority groups and must seek to ensure that the interests of weak
and disadvantaged groups are not overridden by those of politically and
economically powerful and articulate groups. The planner would argue, for
example that the interests of minorities in the development process should not be
damaged in the name of democracy
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 SKILL SETS OF URBAN PLANNERS

An planner, ideally, possesses skills for solving complex multi-sectoral challenges, moderating the competing pressures on land posed by
market forces, environmental considerations, and social needs, and take a balanced approach in a citizen-centric approach.

• They work as enablers, moderators as well as specialists.

• With training and experience in technical as well as managerial aspects, they possess unique abilities of working across disciplinary
boundaries by virtue of their training and experience.

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

The oppurtunities for planners in India is

built upon three pillars:

a) public sector,
b) private sector and
c) education and research sector.

There is a need to recognise the roles of

these three sectors individually.

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 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA
I. PUBLIC SECTOR:
Firstly, it is pertinent to note that the demand-supply aspect of planners2 needs to be seen in an overall context. This is because there are
numerous ministries, departments, organisations, and bodies at the Central, State, and local levels that utilize the skill-sets of planners while
undertaking their mandates ranging from policy making, programme design, strategic planning, legislative interventions to preparation of
regulations, rules, guidelines, and training of human resources. A non-exhaustive list is given below:

a. CENTRAL LEVEL:  PSUs/Boards/Institutions/Organizations/Bodies constituted by or divisions

 Apex/Independent offices:
• National Institution for Transforming India (NITI
Aayog)
 Ministries:
• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
• Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)
• Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
• Ministry of Finance (MoF)
• Ministry of Railways (MoR) Ministry of Environment,
Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
• Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways (MoRTH)
• Ministry of Commerce and Industries (MoCI)
• Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways
(MoPS&W)
• Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS)
• Ministry of Tourism (MoT)
under various Ministries:
• Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO)
• National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)
• Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organisation
(CPHEEO)
• National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB)
• Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO)
• National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC)
• Logistics division under MoCI
• National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj
(NIRDPR)
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
• Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA)
 Metro Rail Corporation
 Rail Land Development Authority
 DMIC Development Corporation

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 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA
I. PUBLIC SECTOR:

b. STATE LEVEL: (including Joint ventures and Parastatals) c. REGIONAL/LOCAL LEVELS:

 Urban Development Departments  Metropolitan Planning Committee

 Rural Development Departments
 Town and Country Planning Departments  Regional Development Authorities
 Directorate of ULBs  District Planning Committee
 Institutes for Space Applications and Geoinformatics
 Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporations  Zilla Parishads
 Housing Boards/Housing Corporations  Cantonment Boards
 Metro Rail Corporations
 Slum Clearance Boards  Urban Development Authorities
 Urban Land Transport Departments  Special Area Development Authorities
 Ports/Maritime Boards
 Real Estate Regulatory Authorities  Urban Local Bodies
 Coastal Regulatory Zone Authorities  Urban Improvement Trusts
 Water Supply and Sewerage Boards
 Urban Transport Directorates  Special Purpose Vehicles under Smart Cities Missions
 Tourism Corporation
 Industrial Development Corporations
 Disaster Management Authority
 State Institute of Public Administration

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 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

II. PRIVATE SECTOR: III. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH SECTOR:

The role of the private sector is to build and The role of educational and research institutions is to generate knowledge, train urban-
maintain robust organisations to tackle urban- planning and design professionals to work in the private and public sectors, undertake
planning problems. Private-sector companies relevant research, improve practices in the three sectors, advise governments, ensure
organise planners in teams and develop and professionalism in urban planning and design, and ensure a continuous education of
maintain their expertise and provide planning professionals. This sector includes:
and implementation capacities. These include
 Academic Institutions:  Research Institutions
(not limited to):
• Centrally funded technical • Think tanks
institutions • Research and development
a) Planning and architectural organisations
• Public/private universities
consultancies • Associateship Examination • Centres of excellence
of the Institute of Town • Not-for-profit organisations
b) Management consultancies • Non-governmental organisations
Planners, India
c) Real estate firms
 International Technical Assistance  Capacity-Building Institutions:
d) Start-ups • Public-sector capacity-building
Organisations:
• Multilateral organisations institutions such as the Regional
• Bilateral organisations Centre for Environment and
• Development banks Urban Studies
• Non-government capacity-
building institutions

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 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN ABROAD

KEY PLANNING SECTORS IN ABROAD KEY POSITIONS

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FIRMS

AND PLANNING FIRMS • Development manager
• Real estate project manager
• Economic development planner
CONSULTING • City government planner
• Consulting associate planner
• Urban consulting research associate
• International urban development nonprofit founder
GOVERNMENT
• International ngo project planner and analyst
• Nonprofit planner
• Multidisciplinary design firm
EDUCATION • Consultant
• Urban planning &development firm
• Architect/urban designer
NON-PROFITS • Multidisciplinary design firm

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 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN ABROAD
GOVERNMENT: NONPROFIT: PRIVATE
ECONOMIC
CONSULTING: DEVELOPMENT:
• Boston Region DESIGN:
Metropolitan • ARUP. Asakura • Inter American
Planning • Affordable Robinson, Development Bank. • AECOM, SOM,
Organization Deloitte, • Jiaming Investment • Raimi +
Housing Assoc.,
(MPO). • KPMG, URS Group, Associates, Tsoi
• Community Kobus Design.
• Cambridge Corp., • Metropolitan Area
Housing • McKinsey & Planning Council, ZGF Architects .
Housing
Partnership.Cros Company, VIB • NY City Economic
Authority, EPA,
sover Development Corp.
• U.S. GovL.
Community
GSA,
Impact, Inc.,
• City of Chicago, TRANSPORTATION: REAL ESTATE:
• Homeowners
• New YorkCity
Rehab • Federal Highway • AIG Real Estate, BlueWave
Dept. of Housing
Preservation of Administration. Illinois Capital LLC.
Preservation &
Affordable Dept. of Transportation, • EYA LLC. Hines,
Development, • • Jonathan Rose,
Housing John A. Volpe National
• Urban Transportation Systems • Primary Development LLC,
Redevelopment Center • The Schochet Company
Authority

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 SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

• A fresher, having completed the master can expect salary in the range of 40–70K per month in the private organization based in
Mumbai-Delhi.

• Pune, Ahmedabad cities may have a salary range of rs.30– 60K per month for a fresher

• Some of the government organizations do pay quite well in recruiting the planners, eg. MMRDA, CIDCO, MMRC where a fresher
can get a CTC of 7–12lacs PA whereas other govt organizations pay around 5–6lac PA .

• Government of India urban planner salaries in India Average annual salary (estimated) ₹ 5.4 Lpa - ₹ 6.9 Lpa

• Urban planner salary in government of India ranges between ₹ 5.4 lakhs to ₹ 6.9 lakhs. This is an estimate based on salaries
received from employees of government of India.

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 SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

 Urban Planner: An Urban Planner is responsible for analysing the

land program and recommending best practices to use the land MID SENIOR
JOB ROLE STARTING LEVEL LEVEL
resources for improved growth of a community. SALARY
SALARY SALARY
 Regional Planner: A Regional Planner is a professional
responsible for making use of the land resources for better
growth and regeneration over a large region of land. URBAN PLANNER 25900 57100 110700

 Surveyor: A Surveyor is responsible for surveying the various

aspects of land and making a report to submit to the senior REGIONAL PLANNER 30000 67000 109000
urban planner.

 Economic Development Planner: An Economic Development SURVEYOR 22000 58000 104100

Planner is a professional who is responsible for providing support
in the economic development of a community involving the ECONOMIC
retention, expansion and coordination of the resources. DEVELOPMENT 23000 78000 108000
PLANNER
 Resources Planner: The responsibility of a resource planner
includes planning the available resources in such a way that the
RESOURCE PLANNER 20000 64000 106100
resources are used optimally to meet up to the required
developments

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 SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

FEES FOR PROFESSIONAL OUTSOURCERS PRIVATE

Type of Plan Fee (in Rs.) per 1,000 YEARS OF AVERAGE ANNUAL
population COMPANY NAME EXPERIENCE SALARY IN LPA
Regional Plan 2,000
IBI Group 1-2 yrs 2.7 - 5.5
Regional Vision Document / Regional Perspective 800
Policy Plan Hyderabad Metropolitan 1-3 yrs 1.8 - 3.5
Development Authority
Development Plan / Master Plan 10,000 Ahmedabad Urban 0-1 yrs 3.2 - 5.3
City Development Plan (Programme) 5,000 Development Authority

City Vision / Perspective Policy Plan 4,000 Government Of India 9-10 yrs 5.4 - 6.9
National Institute Of Urban 1-17 yrs 4.9 - 13.8
Sub-City Plan / Divisional Plan / Zonal Plan 15,000 Affairs
Special Area Plan/ Urban Renewal Plan / 20,000 Eptisa 3-6 yrs 3.7 - 13.2
Redevelopment Plan Directorate Of Urban Land 3-6 yrs 5.4 - 7.8
Local Area Plan / Sub-Divisional Plan / Sector Plan 20,000 Transport
Village Development Plan 20,000 Lea Associates South Asia 3-5 yrs 5.0 - 8.7
 scale of professional fees and charges shall be the minimum Srei Infrastructure Finance 7 yrs 5.4 - 6.9
desirable payable to a Consultant Planner. Wsp Consultants India 2-3 yrs 5.9 - 6.6
 However, they are at liberty to charge a lump sum fees as per Nagar Nigam Korba 6-7 yrs 4.9 - 6.2
mutual agreement with the Client, in consideration of their Egis India Consulting 2-9 yrs 7.5
particular professional standing, higher level of expertise offered by Freelance Consultants 5-11 yrs 11.5
TPF Getinsa Euroestudios 12-14 yrs 18.0
their organisation, nature and complexity of the assignment, time
Municipal Corporation Karnal 3-7 yrs 4.9
constraints etc.
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 SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN
ABROAD
• Starting salaries for graduate or assistant planners are typically in the range of £18,000 to £25,000.
• With experience, in roles such as principal planner and team leader, salaries can reach £30,000 to £45,000.
• Chief planning officers, heads of departments and directors can earn salaries of more than £55,000. In some instances, they can reach up
to £100,000.
• Urban Planner salary in India with less than 1 year of experience to 17 years ranges between ₹ 3.0 Lakhs to ₹ 14.8 Lakhs with an
average annual salary of ₹ 6.0 Lakhs.

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 SALARY AND FEE STUCTURE FOR PLANNING PROFESSIONALS IN
ABROAD
HOURLY MEAN ANNUAL MEAN
SECTOR WAGE WAGE 

LOCAL GOVERNMENT $ 38.04 $ 79,120

GOVERNMENT
SECTOR
STATE GOVERNMENT $ 38.41 $ 79,880

ARCHITECTURAL, ENGINEERING, AND RELATED SERVICES $ 43.41 $ 90,290

MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL CONSULTING SERVICES $ 39.11 $ 81,340

PRIVATE SECTOR
EXECUTIVE $ 49.86 $ 103,720

BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION $ 47.07 $ 97,900

EDUCATIONAL SECTOR EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONAL $ 45.50 $ 94,650

 Government sector has the least wage in abroad especially in USA i.e approx $80,000
 Private and business sector is spread over many sub sectors and this sector also provide highest salary opportunity from $81,000-
$103,000
 Educational sector has the least opportunity in terms of sub sector and have approx salary approx to $94,000

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 SITIUTION OF URBAN PLANNER IN INDIA

 The North-Eastern and Western Himalayan States do not have any
institution that offers degree programmes in hill area planning. The
Advisory Committee also said there is a dearth of rural area planning
professionals for the implementation of the SPMRM programme.
Urban planning education and practice are largely urbancentric and
there is a need for specialised courses in rural area planning as well as
hill area planning.
 While the nomenclature of undergraduate degrees prescribed by AICTE
is Bachelor of Planning or Bachelor of Technology (Planning), that of
postgraduate degrees vary across the country. For example, ‘city
planning’, ‘urban and regional planning’, ‘town and country planning’,
‘housing’, ‘environmental planning’, ‘transport planning’, etc., While
the Schools of Planning and Architecture offer postgraduate degrees
under the title ‘Master of Planning’. Planning being a dynamically
developing field may have multiple specialisations. However, such
multiplicity in degree nomenclatures and titles causes hindrance in the
employment of graduates with similar skills but with different names of
degrees/courses.
 The skills imparted to planners have not been meeting with industry
requirements like communication and moderation, financial analysis,
project structuring, project management, etc.
 Lack of an open marketplace that can bring together the potential
supply of qualified planners is a missing link.
 Another issue is the lack of awareness amongst potential employers
regarding the existence of urban-planning education programmes.
 Sometimes the number of planners required in urban India is
projected by comparing such numbers prevailing in developed
countries. In this context, it is pertinent to acknowledge that at
present, there is no mandatory system for keeping an absolute count
of urban planners that graduate every year in the country or are
engaged in jobs, which leads to multiple notions about their shortage

 Also, there is no statutory requirement/basis to accredit planners for

providing professional services. ITPI as a professional body of town
planners provides ‘memberships’ to the eligible planners, however, it is
voluntary to register with the institute.

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 REFERENCES

1. REFORMS IN URBAN PLANNING CAPACITY IN INDIA

https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-09/UrbanPlanningCapacity-in-India-16092021.pdf

2. https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/town-planner

3. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes193051.htm

4. http://www.itpi.org.in/uploads/pdfs/conditions-of-engagement.pdf

THANK YOU
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