Environmental

Planning

Prof. Roque “Popoy” A. Magno

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
URBAN and REGIONAL PLANNING

• is a deliberate, organized and continuous

process of identifying different elements
and aspects of the environment (social,
economic, physical, political) determining
their present state and interaction,
projecting them in concert throughout a
period of time in the future and formulating
and programming a set of actions and
plans to attain desired results.

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 NATURE and SCOPE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

• DYNAMIC: Changes overtime, technological

change; cultural norms and traditions; not static;
responsive to new demands and needs of
people.
• CYCLIC: Unending process; Always goes back
to where it started; Were the problems solved?
Goals and objectives attained? At what level of
satisfaction?
• MULTI-DISCIPLINARY: Requires the expertise of
various disciplines; economics; engineering;
sociology; architecture; law; geography etc.

NATURE and SCOPE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

• CONTINUOUS: Plan is prepared, approved,

implemented; reviewed and evaluated; replan
again based on new demands of the time.
• TIME BOUND: Plan must have a time
perspective; short, medium, long range; Basis
for plan review and assessment.
• COMPREHENSIVE: Covers all aspects of man
and his environment; physical, social,
economics, political adm. and the natural
environment.

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 PROGRAM
is a collection of complementary projects/activities
formulated to achieve the functions/objectives of a
sector. Programs describe in detail the kind and
quantities of resources to be used.

PROJECT
is a self-contained unit of investment aimed at
developing resources and facilities within a limited
area
within a given time period. A project deals with
goods
and services significant to the accomplishment of
national, regional and local development plans.

SECTOR
is an element or sub-system of the entire
community development system having specific
functions and subject to program planning.

STANDARD
is an accepted criterion or established measure
for determining performance; a rule by which
something is evaluated.

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 COMMON DEFINITIONS

• CONCEPT PLAN: the output of the first stage

activities in the preparation of a development
plan. It consists of an overall growth pattern,
strategy, sectoral policies and population and
employment target and forecasts.
• CONSULTATION: is the process of obtaining
technical advise or opinion which may be or may
not be followed. That’s why we have experts in
all fields of endeavor acting as consultants.

COMMON DEFINITIONS
• LOCAL PLANS: are the outputs of the second
stage activities in the preparation of a
development plan. The plan consists of action
area plans, district plans, sectoral programs, and
finally projects for implementation.
• DEVELOPMENT PLAN: is a series of written
statements accompanied by maps, illustrations
and diagrams which describe what the community
wants to become and how it wants to develop. It
is essentially composed of community goals,
objectives, policies, programs and a land
use/physical development plan which translates
the various sectoral plans.

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 URBAN and REGIONAL PLANNING
DIFFERS FROM OTHER FORMS OF PLANNING IN
SEVERAL IMPORTANT ASPECTS:
1. It is concerned primarily with public issues involving a broadly
defined group of clients with diverse interests;
2. It is a deliberate, self-conscious activity that usually involves
persons trained professionally as planners;
3. Its goals and objectives, as well as the means of achieving
them, are often highly uncertain;
4. Urban and regional planners themselves seldom make
decisions; rather they lay out major alternatives and
recommendations for those elected or appointed to make
such decisions;
5. Urban and regional planners employ a variety of specialized
tools and methods in analyzing and presenting alternatives;
6. The results of most planning activities are discernible only 5 to
20 years after the decision has been made, making feedback
and corrective measures difficult.

LEVELS OF PLANNING:
National, Regional, and Local Planning

• AREAS OF PLANNING

National City/Municipal
Regional District
Sub-Regional Barangay
Provincial Subdivision
Metropolitan Campus

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 LEVELS OF PLANNING:
National, Regional, and Local Planning
• SECTORS OF PLANNING
Tourism
Infrastructure
Industry Social
Residential/Housing
Agriculture Economic
Transport Land Use
Communications Physical
Utilities Land Resource
Education Environmental
Social Welfare
Natural Resources Administrative
Manpower
Health
Fiscal

LEVELS OF PLANNING:
National, Regional, and Local Planning

• SCOPE OF PLANNING/COVERAGE
Perspective Structure Integrated
Development
Concept Framework Comprehensive
Detailed

• TIME/DURATION OF PLAN
Short Term 1 year
Medium Term 5 years
Long Range 10 years and above

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 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING as a PROFESSION
EDUCATION

ACADEME
ACADEME
 develop curriculum
 develop linkages bet.
PROGRAM PIEP disciplines
ENVIRON- REGULATION
PRC
PROJECT GOVERNMENT MENTAL
BOARD OF
OF  train environmental
PLANNING PROFESSION
IMPLEMEN- EP planners
TATION
 policy making
PRIVATE
SECTOR

PRIVATE PRACTICE PRIVATE SECTOR

PIEP and PRC  complement
GOVERNMENT  implement PD 1308 government efforts
 link EP to socio-econ. plans  monitor educational  set example for best
 spatial implications of socio- activities practice
cultural-economic policies  monitor professional  comply with PD 1308
 update implementation of practice  cooperate with
planning laws  administer relevant NGO’s
 implement PD 1308 exams

FRAMEWORK OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP

among the
THREE ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE

CIVIL BUSINESS
SOCIETY SECTOR
PROD.
SECTOR

GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT ~ creates a conducive political and legal

environment
BUSINESS SECTOR ~ generates values, jobs and income
CIVIL SOCIETY ~ facilitates political and social interaction
mobilizing groups to participate in economic, social, political
activities
PRODUCTIVE SECTOR ~ is the term used to describe the
objective of what an effective governance wants to attain

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POLICY PLANNING and COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
They differ in the following respects:

SCOPE: Policy planning is directed at a particular issue, whereas

comprehensive planning considers all aspects of a system
simultaneously, whether or not any specific problem or opportunity
relating to that aspect has been identified. Comprehensive Transport
Plan considers (usage, costs, facilities, pollution, population,
employment, land uses, travel patterns, etc.) while a Policy Plan
focuses on a specific issue, such as the regulation of taxicabs at the
airport.

PRODUCT: Comprehensive planners usually develop a plan. The

product of policy planning include memoranda, position papers, draft
legislations, and even letters or phone calls.

POLICY PLANNING and COMPREHENSIVE

PLANNING

…..They differ in the following respects:

CLIENT: The client of traditional comprehensive planning is the

public interest; planners guess at the joint preferences and opinions
of this mythical client and interpret these opinions as they see fit. The
client of policy planning is very real. A mayor, department secretary,
a vice president of a company, a director or whoever commissioned
the analysis.

POLITICS: Traditional comprehensive planning embraces an

apolitical approach to the process of implementation; policy planning
maybe very political. Government planning uses both while private
clients will only be interested in policy planning.

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 ROSTOW’s FIVE STAGES OF GROWTH
I. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY. One whose structure is
developed within limited production functions,
where economy is characterized by a low level of
savings.
II. PRE-CONDITIONS FOR TAKE-OFF. Period of
transition between the traditional society and take-
off when the pre-conditions for an increase in
output are developed. There are changes in
attitudes and values brought about by internal and
external change.
III. TAKE-OFF PERIOD. Start of self-sustaining
growth, the rate of I increases as a fraction of
output as new industries expand and profits are
reinvested.

ROSTOW’s FIVE STAGES OF GROWTH

IV. THE DRIVE TO MATURITY. The stage where

techniques in production improve, new industries
accelerate, and the economy takes its place in the
international trading community. It demonstrates
its capacity to move beyond take-off.
V. THE AGE OF HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION. The
stage where real per capita income increases
such that more people have a command over
consumptions; welfare considerations emerge and
the services sector becomes the dominant sector.

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 LOW PRODUCTION

LOW CAPITAL FORMATION LOW INCOMES

LOW INVESTMENTS
LOW SAVINGS

THE VICIOUS CYCLE OF POVERTY

EKISTICS = Study of Human Settlements

(Constantino Doxiadis, Greek Planner)

NATURE SHELL

MAN

SOCIETY NETWORK

MAN and His Environment

MAN
Biological Needs SOCIETY SHELL
Emotional Needs Population Housing
Moral Values Social classes Community Services
Five Senses Cultural patterns Shopping Centers
Economic Dev’t Recreational Facilities
NATURE Education Civic & Business Center
Geological resources Health and Welfare Industry
Topographic resources Law and Adm. Transportation Centers
Soil resources NETWORK
Water resources Water Supply System Sewerage and Drainage
Plant life Power Supply System Physical layout
Animal life Transportation System
Climate Communication System
Air, Sun, Rain

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EKISTIC UNITS
MICRO-SPACE MAN ARCHITECTURAL
ROOM SPACE
DWELLING
DWELLING GROUP SITE PLANNING
SMALL NEIGBORHOOD SUBDIVISION PLANNING
DISTRICT
MIDDLE SCALE SMALL TOWN TOWN PLANNING
TOWN CITY PLANNING
LARGE CITY URBAN PLANNING
MACRO-SCALE METROPOLIS REGIONAL PLANNING
CONURBATION METROPOLITAN PLANNING
MEGALOPOLIS TERRESTRIAL PLANNING
URBAN REGION NATIONAL PLANNING
URBAN CONTINENT
ECUMENOPOLIS

Balance between the elements of human settlements as a goal

for EKISTICS, we are dealing by necessity with:
Nature, which is being spoilt
Man, who is continuously changing
Society, which is changing because of man’s new needs
Shells, which must be constructed
Networks, which are also changing to cope up with new
demands

ECONOMICS

CULTURAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

DISCIPLINES

EKISTICS

TECHNICAL POLITICAL SCIENCE

DISCIPLINES and ADMINISTRATION

EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS
1) Primitive non-organized human settlements: Evolution of man
2) Primitive organized settlements: Eopolis (Villages) 10,000 yrs.
3) Static urban settlements or cities: Polis 5,000-6,000 yrs.
4) Dynamic urban settlements: Dynapolis 200-400 yrs.
5) Universal City: Ecumenopolis which is now beginning

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 Thank You!
• Environmental Planning
• Prof. Roque Arrieta-Magno
– 0918 9043316
– 0917 5529380
– popoymagno@yahoo.com

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