PROBLEM

You are buying ice cream in Ministop.

The vendor offers you 2 different cones,
3 different flavors- vanilla, chocolate,
and strawberry, and 3 different toppings.
How many single-scoop ice cream
combinations with only one topping are
possible to buy at this store?

Cone (1) (V) Vanilla Toppings (A)

Cone (2) (Ch) Chocolate Toppings (B)
(S) (Strawberry) Toppings (C)
Cone (1) (V) Vanilla Toppings (A)
Cone (2) (Ch) Chocolate Toppings (B)
(S) (Strawberry) Toppings (C)

1-V-A 1-S-A 2-
Ch-A
1-V-B 1-S-B 2-
Ch-B 18 possible
1-V-C 1-S-C 2- combinations
Ch-C
1-Ch-A 2-V-A 2-S-A
ADLANENFUMT RINEPLEPCI
FO NICUNOTG

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF
COUNTING
The Fundamental Principle of Counting

If one thing can occur in m ways and a second

thing can occur in n ways, and a third thing can
occur in p ways, then the sequence of things can
occur in ways.
Example #1
Jenny has nine different skirts, seven
different tops, and ten different pairs of
shoes.
In how many ways can Jenny dress up?

Skirts: 9 options
Tops: 7 options
Pair of shoes: 10 options
(9)(7)(10) = 630
There are 630 ways jenny can dress up.
Example #2
Mr. Exponent’s Quarterly Examination has ten true-
false questions. How many different choices for
answering the ten questions are possible?
Solution:
2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 1024 different choices for
the ten true-false questions
 Permutation
A permutation is an arrangement of all
or part of a set of objects, in which the
order is important.
Example
In how many different ways can a race with six
runners be completed? Assume there is no tie.
(6)(5)(4) (3)( 2)(1) = 720

(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) = 6!
 !
Factorial Notation

In Math, exclamation point

Is a FACTORIAL NOTATION
DEFINITION OF n!

The product of all the positive integers from 1

to n is called n factorial.
In symbols, n! = n(n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1)
NOTE: 0! = 1
 Most scientific
calculators have a key
that can calculate the
factorial. The key will
look like x! or n!
depending on the kind of
calculator. For example,
to find 4! , press 4 key
then press n! key , you
will obtain 24.
Examples
Compute:
Example
How many possible arrangement can you have
from the letters of the word GOLD?
Permutation of n Distinct objects
Permutation notation: P(n,r) , Pr , nPr.
n

Permutation of n things
Taken r at a time: nPr =
Taken n at a time: : nPn = n!
Example 7
How many number of distinct permutations of 4
objects {A,B,C,D}
(a) taken two at a time?
(b)taken three at a time?
(c) taken 4?
Example 8 ANSWERS
:
Compute
a.5,040
a. 7P7
b.6,720
b. 8P5 c.360
c. 6P4
 Most scientific calculators have a key that can calculate
the permutation. The key will look like nPr For example,

P
to find 4 2, press 4 key then press nPr key , the 2 key ,
you will obtain 12.
Example 9
Billy is trying to guess the password lock. The
password is a 3-digit number (0-9). How many
possible permutation can be made?
(Note: repetition of digits is not allowed)
Answer: 720
Its your turn!

How many three- digit

numbers composed of different
numbers can be formed from 0,
2, 3, 5, and 6?
Answer

There are 5 things {0,2,3,5,6} taken 3 things

{three-digit numbers}at a time.

P
5 3 = 60
THANK YOU!
Permutation with repeated elements

The total number of permutations of n objects

of which n1,n2,…nk are similar is given by:
Example 9
How many distinct permutation are there for the
word PHILIPPINES?
PROBLEM
In how many ways can you arrange three objects in a
circle?

How about 4 objects?

Circular Permutations

If n objects are arranged in a circle, then there

are a total of (n-1)! permutations.
Example 11
How many ways can you sit 8 people in a round
table with 8 seats?
Solution
(n-1)!
(8-1)! = 7!
SEATWORK
1. How many distinct permutations from the letters of
the word STATISTICS have?
2. How many four-letter words can be formed using
the letters of the word “WOMAN”?
3. In how many ways can 6 beads be arranged in a
string?