A Preliminary study on partial replacesment

of concrete by geopolymer treated with

different alkaline activated solutions

U. VINAY KUMAR (19NA1A0110)

M .SUDHEER KUMAR (19NA1A0130)
N. VENKATA SIVA SAI (19NA1A0103)
B. MANIDEEP (20NA1A0101)
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the
world and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the major
ingredient used in concrete. The production of cement
releases large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the
atmosphere that significantly contributes to greenhouse gas
emissions. It is estimated that one ton of CO2 is released into
the atmosphere for every ton of OPC produced. This project
mainly aims at the study of effect of concentration of alkaline
activated solution on the properties of geo polymer concrete
(GPC) with the replacement of fine aggregate with Potassium
hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions as
alkaline activato
 Introduction

• Amorphous alumina hydroxide products such as geopolymer have the optimal

characteristics of rock-forming elements, such as hardness, chemical stability, and
longevity. Concrete made of geopolymer is made using aggregates and geopolymer
binders. Geopolymer Concrete is a substitute binder technique that uses fly ash instead of
cement to build concrete. The conventional concrete manufacturing techniques are used
to create geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer paste that binds the aggregates and
other unreacted ingredients is created when the silicon and aluminium in the low-calcium
fly ash react with an alkaline liquid made of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide
solutions. The source material for geopolymer synthesis must be rich in as well as an
alkali activator like sodium or potassium hydroxide. In comparison to potassium hydroxide
(KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is more frequently employed to create geopolymers
when silicate solution is added to speed up the dissolution process. In the absence of
sodium silicate, the compressive strength of a fly ash-based geopolymer is evaluated in
this work using two distinct activators (KOH and NaOH) under various curing
circumstances (time and temperature). For the purpose of determining compressive
strength, the samples were made in a 50mm × 50mm × 50mm mould and mixed using a
mortar mixer
• . It is evident that NaOH was used to get the highest compressive strength
up to Compressive Strength and Abstract.Geopolymer is a type of
amorphous alumino Hydroxide product that exhibits the ideal properties of
rock-forming elements, i.e., hardness, chemical stability and longevity.
Geopolymer binders are used together with aggregates to produce
geopolymer concretes . This technology can save up to 80% of CO2
emissions caused by the cement. Alternative binder system with fly ash to
produce concrete eliminating cement is called “Geopolymer Concrete”. The
manufacture of geopolymer concrete is carried out using the usual concrete
technology methods. As in the case of OPC concrete, the aggregates occupy
about 75-80 % by mass, in geopolymer concrete. The silicon and the
aluminum in the low-calcium (ASTM Class F) fly ash react with an alkaline
liquid that is a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide
solutions to form the geopolymer paste that binds the aggregates and other
un-reacted materials.Therefore, this study is aimed at the preliminary study
of partial replacement of concrete by geopolymer treated with different
alkaline activated solutions.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

• Raijiwala et al. (2012) investigated how the strength and durability characteristics
of Geo polymer concrete were affected by alkaline activators. Potassium Hydroxide
is more alkaline than sodium hydroxide, which is widely available. The findings
indicate that GPC has 1.5, 1.45, and 1.6 times the compressive strength, split
tensile strength, and flexural strength of control concrete. The strength and
durability of geo polymer concrete are improved by mixing the aforementioned
components (Na2SiO3, 50% NaOH, and 50% KOH) at 800C.
•
• The impact of alkaline liquid concentration, curing time, and strength and water
absorption of geo polymer concrete were researched by Anurag Mishra et al. in
2008. According to the investigation's findings, the concentration of Noah increased
along with the compressive strength. As cure time increased, strength too did as
well. With curing at 600C, compressive strength of up to 46 MPa was attained.
•
• Akeem Ayinde Raheem et al.(2016)used Wood Ash from bread bakery to
replace 5% - 25% by weight of the cement in concrete. 1:2:4 mix ratio was used
with water to binder ratio maintained at 0.5. The workability of concrete
increases as the Wood Ash content increases. The mechanical strength of
specimens were determined at curing ages 3, 7, 28, 56, 90 and 120 days. Only
up to 10% wood ash replacement is suitable for structural concrete. During
hydration reaction calcium hydroxide from Wood Ash will react and produce
calcium silicate gel. This will improve the strength of concrete.
• Raghu et al.(2016) used Mesquite Wood Ash to replace cement in concrete.
Mesquite Wood Ash is a by-product obtained by the combustion of wood in
the wood-fired power plants, hotels, etc. The main aim of this project is to
minimise the cost of project and reduce the wastage of Wood Ash. In this study
the Wood Ash is replaced to cement in concrete by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20% and
25%. The mechanical properties and durability properties are determined at
different curing period and were compared to M-30 mix of concrete. The
specimens were casted and cured for 3, 7 and 28 days. The mechanical
strength properties are increased up to 15% of replacement of Wood Ash by
cement. The 15% replaced Wood Ash shows lower values of acid attack and
water absorption.
 Objectives of the current study:

• Based on the literature study performed, the

following objectives have been devised to carry
out the present study.
• This study is aimed at the preliminary study of
partial replacement of concrete by geopolymer
treated with different alkaline activated
solutions.
• Also, study the Mix proportion of M20 and M25
using the same materials
 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

• MATERIALS USED
• In this chapter different materials and methods has been use for
preparation of moulds.
• 1. Cement
• 2. Flyash
• 3. Aggregates (Fine , Coarse(20mm))
• 4. Alkaline Activators (Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium
Hydroxide, Sodium Silicate)
• 5. Water
•
CEMENT

Definition: A cement is a binder or adhesive for various building

materials that is used in construction. Cement adheres to various
surfaces of various building materials and sets and hardens over
time. It creates a composite material that is sturdy enough to
handle diverse loads.
Fly ash
Fly ash, a byproduct from coal-based thermal power plants, is abundantly
available in India. Estimates show that more than 100 million tons of fly ash
are produced annually from around 83 major coal-based power stations. A
small fraction of this is fruitfully utilized.
Fine aggregates
Fine aggregate is basically any normal sand particle that comes from the land
through the mining process. Fine aggregates comprise regular sand or any
squashed stone particles that are 1/4″ or smaller. This item is frequently
alluded to as 1/4″ short as it alludes to the size, or evaluation, of this specific
aggregate.
Coarse aggregates

Coarse aggregates are irregular broken stones or naturally occurring round

gravels that are used to make concrete, coarse aggregates for structural
concrete consist of broken stones of hard rock like granite and limestone
(angular aggregates) or river gravels (round aggregates).
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic
compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound
consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−. Sodium hydroxide
is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary
ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is
commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is
a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most
of which exploit its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. An estimated
700,000 to 800,000 tonnes were produced in 2005.

Water
water is not involved in the chemical reaction of geo polymer concrete and
instead water is expelled during curing and subsequent drying. Only water can
be used in preparation of alkaline activator solutions.
METHODOLOGY:
The following tests are conducted on cement in laboratory.
Fineness test
Consistency test
Setting time test
Strength test
Soundness test

FINENESS OF CEMENT TEST:

The fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieve. The
proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified
mesh size is thus determined. A reference sample having a known proportion
of material coarser than the specified mesh size is used for checking the
specified sieve.
 CONSISTENCY AND SETTING TIME TEST:
The standard consistency of cement is that consistency, which permit the vicat
plunger to penetrate to a point 5 to 7mm from the bottom of the vicat mould when
tested. Procedure to determine the quantity of water required to produce a cement
paste of standard consistency is described below.
SETTING TIME TEST:
Once cement mortar/cement concrete is placed, it should completely lose its
plasticity. So that external agencies may not harm it. This time should not be more
than 10 hours (600 minutes) which called final setting time of cement.
 SUMMARY
The optimum characteristics of rock-forming elements, such as hardness,
chemical stability, and durability, are displayed by a particular sort of
amorphous aluminium oxide product called geopolymer. Concrete made from
geopolymer is made using aggregates and geopolymer binders. Geopolymer
Concrete is a substitute binder technique that uses fly ash instead of cement to
build concrete.
The conventional concrete manufacturing techniques are used to create
geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer paste that binds the aggregates and
other unreacted ingredients is created when the silicon and aluminium in the
low-calcium fly ash react with an alkaline liquid made of sodium silicate and
sodium hydroxide solutions.
The source material for geopolymer synthesis must be rich in silicon (Si) and
aluminium (Al), as well as an alkali activator like sodium or potassium
hydroxide. In comparison to potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) is more frequently employed to create geopolymers when silicate
solution is added to speed up the dissolution process.
SCOPE FOR PROJECT PHASE 2 WORK
As we completed the collection of the samples from the different
sectors.
As our next plan is that to test the materials with in the given
procedure and make the project to move on with the given
procedure.
As after testing the given materials we can conclude the project and
explain to the people about the qualities of the materials from the
gather people.
REFERENCES
Good Teachers are worth more than thousand books, we have them in Our
Department.

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