Duhok University -- College of Education

Department of Biology

First Stage

Plant cell

Prepared by:-

 Alaa Muhammed Salih Hasan

 Raza Aziz
 Exlas Mhmod Ahmad
 Alfa knife osman
 Ameen Mahmood shakir
Supervised by:-Mr.Jamal

Mss.Rawand
Outlines
 Intrudaction
 Cell wall
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Nucleolus
 Roghe& Smooth E.R
 Golgi apparatus
 Chlorophyll
 Vacuole
 Ribosom
 Lisosom
 References
 The plant cell
It's a type of eukaryotic cell because of the
presence of a nucleus and nuclear membrane.
Most plants are autotrophic in nature due to a
special organelle called chloroplast which helps
to produce (make) food in the form of complex
carbohydrate. A fundamental difference
between animals and plants is that each plant
cell is surrounded by a rigid cell wall.
 Cell wall:
Is a thick, rigid layer that lies outside the cell s
plasma membrane of plant cells. This structure is
a special characteristic feature which helps
distinguish plant cells from animal cells.
Functions of the cell wall
1- Determining Cell Shape.
2- Support, Strength, Controlling Turgor
Pressure, Passage of Substances and protection
of the cell.
 Sytoplasm:
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell.
It is the medium for chemical reaction. It
provides a platform upon which other organelles
can operate within the cell. All of the functions
for cell expansion, growth and replication are
carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
 Nucleus.
The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that
is present only in eukaryotic cells. The vital
function of a nucleus is to store DNA or
hereditary information required for cell division,
metabolism and growth. Nucleolus: It
manufactures cells' protein-producing structures
and ribosomes
 Nucleulose:
The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in
the cell's nucleus whose primary function is to
produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes. The
nucleolus is also where ribosomal RNA genes are
transcribed
 Smooth:
The smoothER is generally used for the creation/
storage of lipids and steroids,

Rough:
while the Rough ER plays a significant role in the
synthesis of various proteins
 Golgi apparatus:
the Golgi apparatus further serves as the site at
which the complex polysaccharides of the cell
wall are synthesized. The Golgi apparatus is thus
involved in processing the broad range of cellular
constituents that travel along the secretory
pathway
 Chlorophyll:
There are many different types of pigments in
nature, but chlorophyll is unique in its ability to
enable plants to absorb the energy they need to
build tissues. Chlorophyll is located in a plant's
chloroplasts, which are tiny structures in a
plant's cells.
 Vacuole:
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In
animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and
help sequester waste products. In plant cells,
vacuoles help maintain water balance.
Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of
the interior space of the plant cell.
 Ribosome:
A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of
both RNA and protein, and it is the site of
protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads
the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and
translates that genetic code into a specified
string of amino acids, which grow into long
chains that fold to form proteins
 Lysosome:
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle
that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are
involved with various cell processes. They break
down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be
used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9953/
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Ribosome
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/
cancer-terms/def/nucleolus
https://byjus.com/biology/plant-cell/
https://byjus.com/biology/plant-cell/