Azas Azas Manajemen

PENDAHULUAN

Rahmanda R. Pratama S.Sos, M.Si

Prodi Komunikasi
UNIKA Atma Jaya
Tujuan
• Menjelaskan arti penting manajer untuk organisasi
• Mengerti fungsi, peran dan keahlian manajer
• Memahami hal-hal yang mempengaruhi pekerjaan manajer
A. Pentingnya Manajer
• Identifying critical issues and crafting responses
• To get things done by creating and coordinates workplace
system and condition
• To manage and engage people
– Important variable in employee productivity and loyalty is
relationship between employees and their direct supervisor
– Managerial ability important in creating organizational value
Manajer
• Definisi
• Orang yang
• Mengkoordinasi dan mengawasi
• Orang lain
• Tujuan perusahaan tercapai
• Yang dilakukan:
• Mengelola
• Efisien “do things right”
• Efektif “doing right things”
• Fungsi, peran, keahlian
B. Tingkatan Manajer
C. Fungsi Manajemen
D. Peran Manajemen
• Peran :
• Tindakan spesifik
• Perilaku
• Diharapkan dari manajer

• Peran Managerial Mintzberg:

• Peran Interpersonal (Interpersonal Roles)
• Transfer Informasi (Informational Roles)
• Pengambil Keputusan (Decisional Roles)
Peran Manajerial Mintzberg
A. Interpersonal Roles
– Figurehead, leader,
liaison
B. Informational Roles
– Monitor,
disseminator,
spokesperson
C. Decisional Roles
– Entrepreneur,
disturbance handler,
resource allocator,
negotiator
 WHO’S Mintzberg ?

• Henry Mintzberg is a management expert, author and academic.

Mintzberg believes that skills are learned through experience and
cannot simply be taught in the classroom.
• In an interview with CNN, he stated: "You can teach all sorts of
things that improve the practice of management with people who
are managers. What you cannot do is teach management to
somebody who is not a manager … you cannot teach surgery to
somebody who's not a surgeon.”
 E. Skills Needed at Management
Levels

Top Managers Conceptual

Skills

Human Skills
Middle Managers
T
Technical Skills
Lower-level Managers

Importance
F. Relevansi Manajer
• Konsumen (Customer)
– Hubungan konsumen
– Konsistensi layanan konsumen yang berkualitas
• Inovasi (Innovation)
– Melakukan hal-hal baru/berbeda
– Mengambil resiko
– Mendukung peluang perubahan
• Keberlanjutan (sustainability)
– Mencapai tujuan
– Meningkatkan nilai pemegang saham
– Integrasi ekonomis, lingkungan dan peluang
 G. Universality of Management
Semua Organisasi
KECIL BESAR

Semua Area dalam

Organisasi: Manajemen
Diperlukan Semua Tipe Organisasi
Manufaktur-Pemasaran- PROFIT NON PROFIT
SDM-Keuangan-IT dst DI MANA ?

Semua Tingkatan
OrganisasiBOTTOM TOP
H. Tantangan Manajer
PERUBAHAN

Peralihan batas organisasi,

Tempat kerja, Fleksibilitas kerja,
TEKNOLOGI Penguatan karyawan, kesimbangan
hidup

ETIKA ORGANISASI & MANAJERIAL Definisi ulang nilai & kepercayaan

Tanggung jawab meningkat

MENINGKATNYA Layanan konsumen

PERSAINGAN Inovasi
Globalisasi
Efisiensi/produktivitas
ANCAMAN KEAMANAN
Pengelolaan resiko, Ketidakpastian
harga, sumber energi, bahan baku, dll
 Why Study Management?

• The Value of Studying Management

– The universality of management
• Good management is needed in all organizations
– The reality of work
• Employees either manage or are managed
– Entrepreneurship
• The organized effort to pursue opportunities to create value
and grow through innovation and uniqueness

14
 What Is An Organization?

• An Organization Defined
– A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some
specific purpose
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Are composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure

15
Characteristics of Organizations

Distinct Deliberate
Purpose Structure

People
 The Changing Organization

Traditional New Organization

• Stable Inflexible Job-focused • Dynamic Flexible Skills-focused

• Work is defined by job positions
Individual-oriented
• Permanent jobs Command-oriented
• Involvement-oriented
Managers always make decisions
• Rule-oriented
• Workdays defined as 9 to 5
• Work is defined in terms of tasks to be done
Team-oriented Temporary jobs
•
•
Employees participate in decision making
• Customer-oriented
•
Work anywhere, anytime
Challenges Impacting the Manager’s Job

Ethics

Knowledge
Management Diversity

Manager
Globalization
Innovation

E-Business
Customers
 Challenges to Managing
• Ethics
– Increased emphasis on ethics education in university and college
curriculums
– Increased creation and use of codes of ethics by businesses
• Workforce Diversity
– Increasing heterogeneity in the workforce
• More gender, minority, ethnic, etc
• Globalization
– Management in international organizations
– Political and cultural challenges of operating in a global market
 Challenges to Managing (cont’d)
• E-business (electronic business)
– The work performed by an organization using electronic linkages
to its key constituencies
– E-commerce: the sales and marketing component of an e-
business

• Categories of E-businesses
– E-business–enhanced organization
– E-business–enabled organization
 Categories of E - Business
Involvement
E-Business–Enhanced
Organization

E- business units within

traditional organization Total E-Business
Organization

E-Business–Enabled Organization’s entire work

Organization processes revolve around
e-business model

E-business tools and

applications used within
traditional organization

21
 Challenges to Managing (cont’d)

• Importance of Customers
– Customers have more opportunities than ever before
– Delivering consistent high-quality service is essential
– Managers need to create customer-responsive organizations

• Innovation
– Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking
risks
– Managers need to encourage all employees to be innovative

22
 Challenges to Managing (cont’d)

• Knowledge Management
– The cultivation of a learning culture where organizational
members systematically gather and share knowledge with
others in order to achieve better performance
• Learning Organization
– An organization that has developed the capacity to continously
change

23
Learning Organization VS Traditional Organization

24
TERIMA KASIH