YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY

 WELCOME TO IGCSE CHEMISTRY

 We will cover the objectives given in Cambridge
syllabus. Every IGCSE syllabus has its own code.
 Chemistry syllabus code is 0620
 You will have three papers when appearing in final
exams for IGCSE (extended)
 Paper 2: MCQs (30% of overall marks)
 Paper 4: written answers (50 % of overall marks)
 Paper 6: alternative to practical. (20% of overall marks)
PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
CHAPTER 1
PRESENTED BY: Mrs. Saima
 OBJECTIVES
 Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms
of particle separation, arrangement and types of motion
 State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and
gases
 • Describe and explain diffusion (1 core)
 • Describe evidence for the movement of particles in gases
and liquids (1 core
)
 Describe changes of state in terms of melting, boiling,
evaporation, freezing, condensation and sublimation
 Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetictheory
 INTORODUCTION

 Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies

space/ has some volume.
 Everything is made up of matter. The characteristics of
matter are: Made up of particles – atoms, molecules or ions
 Particles are in constant motion
 Has a mass
 Has a volume
 EAXMPLES: Air, water, glass, cement, chair, table and
everything around us is made up of matter.
 PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
 All type of matter is made up of tiny bits called particles.
It is just like a wall made of bricks. Different arrngemnet,
spacing and the movement of particles makes three
different states of matter.
 The differnece in properties of states of matter arise due
to ;
 Particles arrangement: regular or irregular
 Spacing: close/touching each other or far from each other
 Movement: resticted movement/vibrations, sliding past
each other, freely moving in random directions
 Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in
terms of particle separation, arrangement and types
of motion
 Structure of solids, liquids and
gases
 Note that:
 Particles in a:
› gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
› liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.
› solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
 Particles in a:
› gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
› liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
› solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from
place to place.
State the distinguishing properties of
solids, liquids and gases:
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
 STATES OF MATTER

 A quick look

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21CR01rlmv
4
 Describe and explain diffusion

 Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration.
 Diffusion happens in liquids and gases because their particles
move randomly from place to place.

 What causes diffusion?

 In gases and liquids, particles move randomly from place to place.
The particles collide with each other or with their container. This
makes them change direction. Eventually, the particles are spread
through the whole container.
 Diffusion happens on its own, without stirring, shaking or
wafting.
DIFFUSION
Describe evidence for the movement of
particles in gases and liquids
 Describe evidence for the movement of
particles in gases and liquids

 Brownian Movement in chemistry is said to be

the random zig-zag/randommotion of a particle
that is usually observed under high power ultra-
microscope. This movement resembles the exact
motion of pollen grains in water as explained by
Robert Brown, hence, the name Brownian
movement.
 Describe changes of state in terms of melting, boiling,
evaporation, freezing, condensation and sublimation

 State changes
 Substances can exist as a solid, liquid or gas.
Converting from one state to another usually involves
heating or cooling.
 Heat must be supplied to a substance for it to melt,
evaporate or boil. For example, you need to heat ice
to melt it, and you need to heat water to make steam.
 Heat must be removed from a substance to condense
or freeze it. In other words, the substance must be
cooled down.
 The kinetic particle theory

 The kinetic particle theory explains the

properties of the different states of matter. The
particles in solids, liquids and gases have
different amounts of energy. They are arranged
differently and move in different ways.
 The table below summarises the arrangement and
movement of the particles in solids, liquids and
gases, and shows simple diagrams for the
arrangement of the particles.
The kinetic particle theory
Explain state changes in terms of particle theory of
matter.
State changes
 QUICK QUIZ

 https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zthyj6f/
test