Air and Water

pollution
 Table of contents
1)Introduction to 2)Air pollution in
Air pollution India
3)Effects and Causes of
Air pollution 4)Ways to prevent Air
pollution

5)Introduction to 6)Water pollution in

Water pollution India

7)Ways to prevent 8)Effects and Causes

Water pollution of Water pollution
Air pollution
 Air pollution
 Air pollution is the release of pollutants such as gasses, particles,
biological molecules etc. into the air that is harmful to human
health and the environment.

 It refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air.

 It is the contamination of air by harmful gasses, dust and smoke

which affects plants, animals, humans drastically and can cause
damage to the climate too.

 Air pollution is probably one of the most serious environmental

problems confronting civilization today.
 Air pollution in India
 The air pollution levels in India are among the highest in the world, posing a
heavy threat to the country's health and economy.
 Almost all of India’s 1.4 billion people are exposed to unhealthy levels
of ambient PM 2.5 – the most harmful pollutant - emanating from multiple
sources.
 These small particulates with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, is about
one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. Exposure to PM 2.5 can cause such
deadly illnesses as lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease.
 Ambient and indoor air pollution is estimated to have caused 1.7 million PM2.5 refers to
premature deaths in India in 2019. atmospheric particulate
 The health impacts of pollution also represent a heavy cost to the economy. matter
 Lost labor income due to fatal illness from PM 2.5 pollution in 2017 was in
the range of $30-78 billion, equal in magnitude to about 0.3-0.9 percent of
the country’s GDP.
 Sources of air pollution in India
45% Dust and construction

17% Waste burning

14% Transport

Diesel generator

Industries

7% Domestic cooking
Causes of Air pollution

Burning of Mining Volcanic

fossil fuels operations eruptions

Forest fires Dust storms Exhaust from

factories

Waste dumped
in landfills
 Effects of Air pollution
 Respiratory & Heart Problems

 Global Warming

 Acid Rain

 Eutrophication (The Environment Gets Enriched With Nutrients.

A Problem In Marine Habitats As It Causes Algal Blooms)

 Depletion Of Ozone Layer

 Effect On Wildlife
 Steps to reduce air pollution
 Use public transport
 Turn off the lights when not in use
 Recycle , Reduce and Reuse
 Say no to plastic bags
 No smoking and reduction of forest
fires
 Use fans instead of air conditioners
 Avoid usage of Fire crackers
 Implement Afforestation
Sooner or later, we will have to RECOGNIZE that the Earth
has rights, too,
to live without pollution. What mankind must know is
that human beings cannot
live without Mother Earth,
but the planet can live without humans

~Evo Morales
Water pollution
 Water pollution
 Water Pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies.

 Water Pollution is caused when water bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and
aquifers get contaminated with industrial and agricultural effluents.

 When water gets polluted, it adversely affects all lifeforms that directly or indirectly depend on
this source.

 It harms not only humans and animals but the whole ecosystem.

 Water Pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long term
exposure.
 Water pollution in India
 Around 80% of India’s water is severely polluted because people dump raw sewage, silt
and garbage into the country’s rivers and lakes.
 This has led to water being undrinkable and the population having to rely on illegal and
expensive sources.
 Each year more than 1.5 million children die from diarrhea.
 Experts predict that by 2030 an estimated 40% won’t have access to clean water. Around
70% of wastewater goes untreated and each day, more than 40 million liters of wastewater
flows directly into India’s lakes, rivers and ocean. 
 Eventually, contaminated water also enters the groundwater.
 Because of this, proper waste management and sewage pollution cannot occur, upsetting
the irrigation system. The crops are not able to grow because of the infectious bacteria and
disease in the water.
 Because of the poor infrastructure and absence of sewage control, 38 million Indians
suffer from waterborne diseases like typhoid, cholera and hepatitis every year. Over the
last decade, the frequency of these illnesses remained at the same level.
 Causes of Water pollution

Industrial waste Sewage and

Marine dumping
disposal wastewater

Accidental oil Chemical fertilizers

Fuel spillages
leakage & pesticides

Radioactive
waste(uranium,
thorium etc.) highly
poisonous elements
 Effects of Water pollution
1. Contamination of food chain
2. Lack of potable water
3. Infant mortality
4. Diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, jaundice etc.
5. Leaches chemicals into the soil affecting plant growth
6. Ozone layer depletion
 Steps to reduce Water pollution
 Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary.
This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated
water that needs treatment.
 Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints,
oils or other forms of litter down the drain. Use environmentally household
products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.
 Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers. This will prevent
runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.
 By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser, pesticides
and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources.
 Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see
on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and
put it in a nearby dustbin.
 “Water and air, the two
essential fluids on which
all life depends, have
become global garbage
cans.”
― Jacques-Yves
Cousteau
A few facts on Water pollution
 Freshwater in the world is only 2.5% of the total water
available on this planet.
  Around 70% of the industrial waste is dumped into the water
bodies where they pollute the usable water supply.
 Globally, 80 percent of municipal wastewater is discharged
into the environment untreated.
Thank you
This presentation was made by
Naviya.S-Compilation and slides on air and water pollution in India
Jithya-Effects and Causes of air and water pollution
Dhun pyaari-Steps to prevent air and water pollution
Arya-Introduction to air and water pollution
Ishanvi-A few pictures