Water Conservation and

Management
What do you mean by water conservation?
Water conservation refers to the preservation,
control and development of water resources,
both surface and groundwater and preservation
of pollution.
What is the importance of water
conservation?
Conserving water is important because it keeps
water pure and clean while protecting the
environment. Conserving water means using
our water supply wisely and responsible. As
every individual depends on water for
livelihood ,we must learn how to keep our
limited supply of water pure and away from
pollution.
How was water conserved in ancient India?
Rooftop, rain water harvesting was commonly
practised in Rajasthan. In arid and semi arid
regions ,agricultural fields are converted into
rain fed storage structures that allow water to
stand and moisten the soil like khadins in
Jaisalmer and Johads in other parts of
Rajasthan.
Distribution of river water
 The total volume of water is estimated 2120
km3 or 0.49% of the surface fresh water on
earth. River and basins are often compared not
according to their static volume but to their
flow of water or surface run. The distribution
of river runoff across the earth’s surface is very
uneven.
Body of Area{10^6 Volume Mean depth
water km^2} {10^6 {m}
km^3}
Pacific 165.2 707.6 4282
Ocean
Atlantic 82.4 323.6 3926
Ocean
Indian Ocean 73.4 291.0 3936

All Ocean 361 1370 3796

and Seas
Variability of water availability
 Variability of water availability is important
for both the functioning of aquatic species and
also for the availability of water for human
use. Water that is only available in a few wet
years must not be considered renewable
because most global runoff comes from areas
of very low climatic variability,the total global
runoff is generally of low variability.
 Indeed, even in most arid zones, there tends to
be few problems with variability of runoff
because most usable sources of water come
from high mountain regions which provide
highly reliable glacier melt as the chief source
of water, which also comes in the summer peak
of high demand for water. This historically
aided the development of many of the great
civilizations of ancient history, and even today
allows for agricultural areas as the San Joaquin
Valley.
How is water made up of?
 Water exists as molecules. Each molecule is
made up of two hydrogen atoms joined to one
oxygen atom. This means that the chemical
formula of water is H20. A water molecule is
made up of two hydrogen atoms joined to one
oxygen atom.
10 Ways to conserve water
 Turn of the faucet while brushing your teeth.
 Only run the washing machine and
dishwasher when you have a full load.
 Use a low flow shower head and faucet
aerators.
 Fix leaks.
 Install a dual flush or low flow toilet or put a
conversion on your existing toilet.
 Don’t overwater your lawn or water during
peak periods, and install rain sensors on
irrigation systems.
 Install a rain barrel for outdoor watering.
 Plant a rain garden for catching storm water
runoff from your roof, driveway, and other
hard surfaces.
 Monitor your water usage on your water bill
and ask your local government about a home
water audit.
 Share your knowledge about saving water
through conservation and efficiency with your
neighbors .
Sanskrit slokas
 By – Stuti Gandhi
 Std – 10th
 Roll no- 43
 Division- A