Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University
College of Engineering
College and Technology
of Engineering and Technology
Renewable EnergyEnergy
Renewable Engineering Department
Engineering Department

ByBy
Ibrahim
Ibrahim
Rahoma
Rahoma

1st semester 2nd semester

2022-2023 2022-2023
 Introduction
https://www.renewableinstitute.org/what-is-renewable-energy/

https://www.earthreminder.com/renewable-energy-introduction-types/
 Chapter Outline
In this section, an overview of energy
use, from fossil fuels to renewable
energy is presented. Renewable energy
types are introduced and a description
of their characteristics is given.

Introduction to Renewable Energy

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○ Energy demand increases over time.

○ Energy demand mostly from

nonrenewable sources

• Environmental problem

•Limited

•Source of conflicts
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Improve of Rational
Energy use of
Efficiency Energy

Renewable
Energy 6
Overview of Energy Use
○ Energy demands increase as
population rises
○ Residential, commercial,
transport, and industrial energy
needs increase
○ Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel,
renewable resources are used for
energy production
Figure 1‑1: World’s energy consumption based on data from 2015.
○ Continuous increase in the use of
fossil fuels

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 Overview of Energy Use
Figure 1‑2: Total energy consumption by sector for 2015 and
2016.

○ Industrial, transport, and residential sectors are the

highest in energy consumption
○ Asia Pacific, North America, Europe the highest
consumers
○ Africa’s consumption the lowest globally
○ 2018: USA consumption 13.1 MWh/capita, Figure 1‑3: Primary energy consumption by region in 2019.

Bangladesh 0.5 MWh/capita. 8

Overview of Energy Use

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Fossil fuels
○ Fossils fuels are formed
from buried organic
material
○ It takes millions of years
for formation
○ Carbon rich, energy is
released from their
combustion
○ Non-renewable resources
Figure 1‑4: World’s fossil fuel consumption for the period 1800-2019.

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Fossil fuels

○ Continuous increase since 1800s

○ In 2010 the annual output was around 10.000 million tons of oil

equivalents.

○ In 2018, global energy consumption consisted of oil (34%), coal (27%)

and natural gas (24%).

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 Fossil fuels
Environmental impact

○ Combustion of fossil fuels

releases carbon dioxide (CO2)
into the atmosphere
○ Increase of radiative forcing,
adding to global warming
○ 65% of anthropogenic
greenhouse gases emissions is
CO2 from fossil fuels

Figure 1‑5: Total annual anthropogenic GHGs emissions by type 1970-2010.

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Fossil fuels
Environmental impact

○ Emissions of sulfur dioxide, mercury, particulate matter, carbon

monoxide, nitrogen oxide
○ Impact on water and oceans due to mining, fracking, extraction
and transport
○ Risks of spills, leaks, pollution of freshwater and ocean
ecosystems
○ Fossil fuel infrastructure changes entire landscapes and
ecosystems

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 Fossil fuels
○ Hubbert peak theory predicted oil
production peak in the ‘70s in the USA
○ Production follows a bell-shaped curve
○ Increase of oil imports during periods
of decreased production
○ Production increases again due to
technology advances
○ Predicted peaks for natural gas and
Figure 1‑6: United States crude oil production and imports by year in millions of
coal production in 2035 an 2052, barrels per day.

respectively

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 Renewable Energy
Renewable Resources Types
○ Infinite resources
○ Reduction in anthropogenic emissions of Solar energy
greenhouses gases and pollutants Wind energy
○ Availability worldwide Bioenergy
○ Safety and independence in energy Geothermal energy
production
Hydropower
○ Technological advancements keep
reducing renewable energy costs Marine energy

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