THREE TYPES OF

ROCKS
RULES
 SCIENCE TRIVIA FACTS

Norman l. Bowen– the most famous

Canadian geologist in the 20th century.

was the greatest petrologist of the 20th century

and one of the most influential geologists of all
time. His name is known by anyone who has
attended a college course in physical geology by
virtue of the famous Bowen’s ReactionSeries
which appears in every physical geology and
petrology textbook in the world.
Three Types of Rocks
 Three types of rocks
 Example and importance
of rocks
 What are the three types
of rocks?
 How are rocks classified as
igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic?
Pre-test

Identify what is being asked. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

It is kind of rocks that are formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten mineral.
a. Igneous Rocks b. Sedimentary Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks
2. It is a type of rocks that are formed from preexisting rocks or pieces of once living organisms.
a. Igneous Rocks b. Sedimentary Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks
3. It is a type of rock that are formed from preexisting rocks; these rocks have been modified by heat, pressure,
and chemical processes.
a. Igneous Rocks b. Sedimentary Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks
4. It is a type of metamorphism happens on layers of rocks having contact with heat (magma)
a. Contact b. Regional c. Igneous
5. It is a type of metamorphism happens over large region of the crust where high temperature and pressure is
present.
a. Contact b. Regional c. Igneous
1. How do you classify the three types of rocks?
2. What is your bases in classifying igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks?
 Rocks
- Rock is a solid mineral substance on the surface or under the soil,
forming part of the earth surface.
- Are combined aggregation of minerals

CLASSIFICATION

IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

METAMORPHIC ROCK
 What do you call the study of rocks?

Petrology

the branch of science concerned with the

origin, small-scale structure, and composition
of rocks.
 What do you call a person who study rocks?

Petrologist

Is a person (geologist) who specializes in petrology.

 Igneous Rock

Igneous – Formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten mineral.

2 types of Igneous Rocks

Extrusive/Volcanic rock Intrusive/Plutonic

 Extrusive/Volcanic rock

 Lava that cools

 Fine grained crystals since the cooling process is fast
 Intrusive/Plutonic

 Magma that cools slowly

 Course grained crystals

 Fined-grained- sizes of minerals are

small
 Coarsed-grained- mineral crystals are
visible to the unaided eye.
CLASSIFICATION

Based of COMPOSITION

 FELSIC – light-colored,
feldspar, silicate

 MAFIC – dark in color, made

up of magnesium and iron.

 INTERMEDIATE – between
mafic and felsic

 ULTRAMAFIC – very dark

CLASSIFICATION

Based of TEXTURE

 Aphanistic – fine grained

 Phaneritic – coarsed grained

 Porphyritic – large crystals

with small crystals

 Glassy – non-ordered solid

from rapid quenching.

 Pyroclastic – composite of
ejected fragments.
 Types of Igneous Rock

Basalt Granite Mica White

Pumice Quartz Cryolite

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Formed from preexisting rocks or pieces of once living

organisms.

Types of Sedimentary
Rocks

1. Clastic
2. Chemical
3. Organic
 Clastic

This type of sedimentary rock formed from accumulation of clasts:

Little pieces of broken rocks and shells.
Ex: breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale.

Chemical

Formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.

Organic

Rocks formed from the accumulation of materials from living things or product of
living things.
Ex: rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and some limestones.
 Types of Sedimentary Rock

Diatomite Shale Halite

Bitumenous Chalk Rock

Feldspar Sandstone
Dolomite Beril
METAMORPHIC ROCK

Formed from preexisting rocks; these rocks have been

modified by heat, pressure, and chemical processes.

Metamorphism

Change of minerals or geologic texture in preexisting rocks

(protoliths) without the protolith melting into liquid magma.
( solid – state change)
 2 types of Metamorphism

1. Regional – happens over large region of the crust where high temperature
and pressure is present
 2 types of Metamorphism

2. Contact – happens on layers of rocks having contact with heat (magma)

 Types of Metamorphic Rocks

Biotite Calcite

Garnet Marble