You Rock! Well… at least the Earth Rocks!

1 How Rocks Form

2 Igneous Rocks

3 Sedimentary Rocks

4 Metamorphic Rocks
 How Rocks Form
VOCABULARY
rock In general, a rock is a group of minerals bound
igneous together.
magma Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are
sedimentary formed, broken down, and reformed in a recurring
sediment process called the rock cycle.
metamorphic
rock cycle

click image to enlarge

 6.2 Igneous Rock
VOCABULARY
felsic Igneous rocks form as molten rock solidifies, as
mafic magma deep in the crust or lava at Earth’s surface
pluton cool.
batholith Felsic magmas form light-colored, silica-rich rocks.
Mafic magmas form dark-colored rocks rich in iron
and magnesiums. Igneous rock texture depends
mainly on the rate at which magma or lava cools.

Granite is igneous rock Basalt is igneous rock

formed from felsic magma. formed from mafic magma.
 6.2 Igneous Rock
VOCABULARY
felsic Igneous rocks are grouped into families by mineral
mafic composition and texture.
pluton Chemical
Composition Texture
batholith
coarse- fine- glassy porous
grained grained

felsic granite rhyolite obsidian most pumice

felsic- granodiorite
intermediate

intermediate diorite andesite

mafic gabbro diabase basalt basalt scoria

glass

peridotite,
ultramafic dunite,
pyroxenite
 6.2 Igneous Rock
VOCABULARY
felsic Magma that solidifies underground forms various
mafic types of igneous intrusions.
pluton
Laccolith Volcanic neck
batholith

Volcano

Stock

Dike

Batholith
Sill
 Sedimentary Rock
VOCABULARY
cementation Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that result
stratification from weathering and erosion of rock at Earth’s
fossil surface. They often occur in layers, formed over
time as different sediments are deposited on top of
each other.
 Sedimentary Rock
VOCABULARY
cementation Sedimentary rocks are grouped by the type of
stratification sediment from which they form: clastic, chemical, or
fossil organic.

Clastic: Sandstone Chemical:

Rock Salt Flat

Organic:
Limestone Cliffs
 6.3 Sedimentary Rock
VOCABULARY
cementation Clastic sediments are often sorted by water action
stratification before pressure and mineral cements turn them into
fossil rock.
1. A river moves 2. Particles are sorted by size. The
sediment into a lake. largest gravels are the first to be
deposited, followed by sands, and
then silt and clay.

Sands and
Gravels
Sands Silt and
Clay

3. Over time, the

sediments are
Conglomerate Sandstone Shale buried, compacted,
and may be
cemented.
 Sedimentary Rock
VOCABULARY
cementation Clastic sediments are often sorted by water action
stratification before pressure and mineral cements turn them into
fossil rock.
Fossils, ripple marks, mud cracks, nodules,
concretions, and geodes features associated with
sedimentary rocks.
 6.4 Metamorphic Rock
VOCABULARY
parent rock Metamorphic rocks form when heat or pressure or
metamorphism both alter parent, or preexisting, rocks.
deform

becomes

becomes
Shale Slate

becomes

Phyllite Schist
 6.4 Metamorphic Rock
VOCABULARY
parent rock Metamorphic rocks form when heat or pressure or
metamorphism both alter parent, or preexisting, rocks.
deform
Metamorphism can occur across a region, as in
mountain building events, or it can occur in smaller
local areas.
A metamorphic rock may be described and
identified according to its parent rock, mineral
composition, and texture.