VIRAL DISEASE

WHAT IS VIRUS
VIRUS IS A EXTREMELY SMALL SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF RNA NUCLEIC
ACID AND PROTEIN.
RNA – RIBONUCLEIC ACID

• They are visible only through an electron microscope

• They don’t exist freely in nature but they can live only inside other cell (Host cell).
• They take over metabolism of their host cell in their own favor and it produces more virus RNA diagram
and kill the host cell
• Virus can live over living tissue in lab . They can even be crystallized and stored on the self.
• Virus are highly specific. They can attack only some types or one kind of host and only
certain tissue
• For example: Myxomatosis which only effect on rabbit but man don’t have any effect
similarly common cold and flu effect only man but doesn’t effect on rabbit .Rabies affect
dog and its relatives and even man .In some serious cases , Man may also die.
 MORE ABOUT VIRUS
• Viruse is a gene with no cell of its own.
• It dictates the host cell to produce more virus and host cell dies when the virus increases. Then virus will attack
on other new host cell
FEATURES WHICH SUPPORT THEM AS LIVING
AND NON-LIVING BEINGS
• Living beings
• They can multiply inside a host cell which can be considered as reproduction.
• They command the host cell and being like a living being inside the host cell.
• Non- living begins
• They cannot respire, metabolism, grow or multiply by themselves outside the host cell .
• They can be crystallized and make them inactive for indefinite length of time or duration of
time.
COMMON VIRAL DISEASE
• They are :
• Poliomyelits
• Common cold
• Influenza
• Small pox
• Mumps
• Rabies
• But let’s study about:
• AIDS
• Chicken Pox
• Hepatitis
WORLD’S RABIES DAY – 28TH SEPTEMBER
• Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
• He established that all infections are caused by germs.
• He was the the first to have successfully treated a boy who was bitten very
badly by a mad dog by giving weakened germs up to 14th days.
• Most immunization today are based on Pasteur ‘s principles.
IN CASE OF ANY ANIMAL BITES

• Do's • Don‘ts
• Wash wound with soap and water • Don’t touch the wound in bare hands
• Apply available disinfectant like Povidone iodine • Don’t apply irritants soil,chilles,oil,herbs,
spirit or Household antiseptic chalk,betel leaves.
• Contact doctor for timely and appropriate
treatment with anti – rabies vaccine and
immunoglobulins.
HIV OR Aids is the last stage of hiv infection
AIDS
• Hiv – Human Immunodeficiency Virus or AIDS – Acquired Immno deficiency
syndrome.
• This was first recognized in USA in 1981.
• Then due to neglect in people it separated all around the world.
• In India it was separated for 2,00,000 people in 1981 .
• It was spreading in alarming rate.
• Till now there is no cure or vaccine.
• It is most seen in 20-39 aged people.
• The causative germ of Aids is a virus named HIV .
• We can see viruses in all liquid in our body like blood,seven,saliva, tears and urine.
• It attack to immune system . Immune system are cells fight against the infections.
• The patient suffers seriously from even minor infections of other diseases.
• Even cancer apper when the immune system fails.
AIDS
• The incuboation period may be for 10-12 years .During that period the person show
positive result popularly called has HIV POSITIVE.
• When Aids is fully developed they may die within 3 years from other infections or
cancer
• Symptoms are
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
TRANSMISSION OF AIDS
• SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
• When there is a sexual intercourse between man and woman when one is infected. Virus occurs in fluid
of reproductive passage.
• Prostitution is the biggest source of the spread spread in infection. Safest is single partnership wife and
husband relationship.
• Homosexual intercourse with an infected person and this is more common in males.
• CONTAMINATED BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• In many situition such as excessive bleeding resulting from injury or during surgery the patient have to
have blood transfusion. Some care born with the disease thalassemia with defective hemoglobin of a
blood transfusion usually every 3-4weeks and very often the blood transfusion is from professional
donars .Such children run the risk of getting AIDS .
• MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION
• The germs from the infected mother may cross through the placenta and reach the embryo in the
womb.
• INJECTION NEEDLES
• If shared by more than one person may introduce the virus from one individual to another.
• In hospital now we use only disposable syringe which are used just once.
CHICKEN POX

• This disease is caused by a herpes virus VARICELLA ZOSTER.

• It is contagious disease occurring mainly in children but can also affect adult.
• It spread quickly by close contact with contact with an infected person.
• The rashes are in pink spot and rapidly change to a watery blister.
• Treatment
• Bed rest
• Keeping the rashes clean and dry ,do not pick the blister
• Calamine lotion applied to cool the body
• Need leaf 🍃can be applied to reduced itching
Symptoms
• Vaccination must be given in 12 to 18 months for active immunization. - Rashes
- Fever
- Head
ache
- Cough
 HEPATITIS
• This disease is caused by 5 strains virus namely Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E.
• It causes inflammation of liver.
• It is caused by contaminated food ,water,contaminated syringe and blood transfusion.
• HEPATITIS A
• Virus incubation period is 14 to 45 days and common in children and youth transmitted by contaminated food
and water.
• HEPATITIS B
• Incubation period of 6 to 26 weeks and individuals of any age can be affected mainly transfusion equipment.
It can possibly cancer of liver.
• HEPATITIS C AND D
• Virus are similar to the B virus in method of transmission and effects on liver.
• Symptoms
• Fever
• Headacheck
• Joint pains
• Loss appetite with a general feeling of illness, nausea and vomiting. After 3 to 10 days ,jaundice may develop
with develop with deep yellow urine and light coloured stools.
TREATMENT FOR FOR HEPATITIS

• Bed rest until fever has settled

• Take high calories diet but no protein and fat
• Wash hands after touching bed pan and clothes.
SPREADING OF AIDS
• No
• Yes 1. Contact with patients clothes and
1. Sexual intercourse other articles

2. Contaminated blood transfusion 2. Shaking hands

3. Mother to child transmission during birth 3. Eating together

4. Shared unsterilized injection needles 4. Sharing bathroom and toilet