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Research Class!
Opening
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 Today is What is the day
Friday, and the date
March 11, 2022 today?
Qualitative and
Quantitative
Variables
QualitativeVariables

• Nominal Variable
• Ordinal Variable
QuantitativeVariables

• Interval Variable
• Ratio Variable
 VARIABLES
Variables are changing qualities or
characteristics of persons or things.
(Suter 2013 in Baraceros 2016, 29). For
example, a person's hairstyle is a
potential variable, which could be
"straight" for one person and "curly" for
another.
 VARIABLES
• Qualitative Variables
• Quantitative Variables
 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
Qualitative variables take on values that are names or
labels. The color of a shirt (e.g., red, green, blue) or
the size of a shirt (e.g., small, medium, large) would be
examples of qualitative or categorical variables.
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
Quantitative variables are numeric. They represent a
measurable quantity. For example, when we speak of the
population of a school, we are talking about the number of
people in the school - a measurable attribute of the school.
Therefore, the population would be a quantitative variable.
 VARIABLES
The classification of variables is very useful
for researchers in deciding which analytical
procedure should be used. It helps us
determine what data to be collected, how to
collect it, and which method of analysis
should be used.
 
 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
Nominal Variable. A type of variable used to name, label, or
categorize particular attributes that are being measured
without ordering of the categories.

Some examples of nominal

variables include gender, skin
color, blood type, etc.
 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
Ordinal Variable. A type of variable used to categorize
particular attributes with an order or rank. This can be with a
numeric value or without numeric value.
 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
   
Level of Satisfaction to Service Level of Satisfaction to Service
1. Very satisfied  ● Very satisfied
2. Satisfied ● Satisfied
3. Indifferent ● Indifferent
4. Dissatisfied  ● Dissatisfied
5. Very dissatisfied ● Very dissatisfied
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
Interval Variable. A type of variable used to define values
measured along a scale, with each point placed at an equal
distance from one another. Addition and subtraction
operations can be performed on the numerical values of
this variable type.

o Temperature: Temperature, when measured in

Celsius or Fahrenheit is considered as an
interval variable because 0 is arbitrary. That is,
0°C and 0°F do not mean no temperature.
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
o IQ Test: An individual cannot have a zero IQ, so this
satisfies the no zero property of an interval variable.
The level of an individual's IQ will be determined,
depending on which interval the score falls in.
 
o Time: Time is a good example of an interval variable
when measured using a 12-hour clock. The numbers
on a wall clock are on an interval scale since they are
equidistant and measurable. For example, the
difference between 1 o’clock and 2 o’clock is the same
as that between 2 o’clock and 3 o’clock.
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

Ratio Variable. A numeric variable having a

zero value. Addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division operations can be performed on the
numerical values of this variable type.
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

Some examples of ratio variables include

time spent on the internet daily, height in
feet and inches, and weight in kilograms

For temperature, when measured in

Kelvin, is an example of ratio variables.
The presence of a zero-point accommodates
the measurement in Kelvin.
 Table 1. Examples Research Titles and Variables

Research Titles Variables involved

The Relationship Between Height and Weight of height – ratio
High School Female Students weight – ratio
The Influence of Gender on the Reading Interest of gender – nominal
the Students in the Public School reading interest – ordinal
The Effect of the Hours of Sleep to the Grades In hours of sleep – ratio
Physical Education of 10-Year-Old Boys grades – interval
The Impact of Socio-Economic Status on IQ Scores socio-economic status –
of High School Students ordinal
IQ scores – interval
The Stress Level and Its Effect on the Length of stress level – ordinal
Sleeping Time At Night of Pregnant Women length of time sleeping at
night – ratio
 Classify the following variables. Choose the
ACTIVITY letter which corresponds to your answer.

a) Interval c.) Nominal

b) Ratio d.) Ordinal

1. Body temperature in Celsius

2. Citizenship
3. Cups of rice consumed in a day
4. Distance travel in an hour
5. Emotion
6. Fast-food chain
7. Strand taken
8. Grade in Physical Education
9. Score in a short quiz
10.Year level in college
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