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www.astro.virginia.edu
All Matter is Made of Atoms
Hydrogen is the most
common atom of our
universe
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www.ucl.ac.uk
Ernest Rutherford did some
experiments with thin metal foils and
found that the positive charge is
located within a central nucleus
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Neils Bohr worked under Rutherford but
found problems with his theory. He
ultimately determined that Electrons are in
circular orbits with increasing energy
levels.
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nobelprize.org
The modern atomic model shows that
electrons occupy regions of space
whose shape is described by complex
mathematical equations. (James
Chadwick)
www.csmate.colostate.edu
History of Atomic Theory
John Dalton’s theory of the atom started out as a solid
sphere with no charges.
Bohr’s theory said that the protons are in the middle and
the electrons travel in specific energy levels and orbits
around the nucleus
Dmitri Mendeleev
began organizing www.cartage.org.lb
elements by their
physical and chemical
properties (1860’s)
Periodic Table of the Elements
Mendeleev
produced the first
periodic table
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Periodic Table
Period: each row of the
periodic table is called a
period. If you read from
left to right one proton
and one electron are
added from one element
to the next
Group/Family: Each
column of the table is
called a group or family.
Elements in a group
share similar properties.
Groups/Families are read
from top to bottom www.chem4kids.com
Atomic Size on the Periodic Table
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More Properties of Periodic Table
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Periodic Table has distinct regions
Reactive: indicates how likely an element
is to undergo a chemical change
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Top row of the two rows of metals that are outside of the main
periodic table
Noble or inert
because they almost
never react with other www.chem4kids.com
elements
Metalloids
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Located on either side of the zigzag line
separating metals and nonmetals
Most common is Silicon
www.mvschools.org
Radioactivity
of the isotope
Radioactive Decay
Parent decays into daughter isotope.
Combination of both is 100%