SOIL TYPE IN RAJASTHAN

AND ASSAM
z Presented by
naman Gupta
VII-c
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SOIL

 Soil is the upper layer of unconsolidated materials, found on the

surface of the earth which is formed by the combination of
disintegrated rocks and vegetative materials. Soil is the mixture
of solid, liquid and gaseous materials which are the result of
interaction between weathering of rocks, climate, plants, and
innumerable bacteria.
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Soil in Rajasthan

The soils of Rajasthan have been divided into six categories on the basis of colour, composition and fertility.
1. Desert Soil – It is found in western Rajasthan. This soil is found in most of the areas of Jalore, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner,
Churu, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur districts etc. It is a less fertile soil. High range of temperature and physical weathering are the major factors of
its formation.
2. 2. Red-Yellow Soil – The soil is found in the western parts of Sawai Madhopur, Sirohi, Rajsamand, Udaipur and Bhilwara districts. This
soil is suitable for groundnut and cotton cultivation. This soil lacks fertile elements, It is made up of the disintegrated materials of granite,
schist and gneiss rocks, It lacks calcium and nitrogen.
3. Laterite Soil – It is found in Dungarpur, central and southern part of Udaipur and southern Rajsamand districts. This soil is composed of
the disintegrated materials of old crystalline and metamorphic rocks, Maize, rice and sugarcane are cultivated in this soil.
4. Mixed Red and Black Soil – It is found in Banswara, eastern Udaipur, Dungarpur, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara district, Cotton, sugarcane,
maize etc. are cultivated in this fertile soil.
5. Black Soil – This soil is found in the state's south-eastern districts of Kota, Bundi, Baran and Jhalawar, The fertile soil yields high
production of commercial crops like sugarcane, coriander, rice and soyabean.
6. Alluvial Soil – The soil is found in the state's northern and eastern districts of Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur,
Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Dausa, Jaipur and Tonk, It is a fertile soil. It is rich in calcium, phosphorous, potash and iron contents but lacks
nitrogen. This soil is suitable for growing wheat, mustard, cotton and tobacco
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Soils in Assam
The diversified geological conditions, topographical characteristics, climatic situations and
vegetation types have favour the formation of different types of soil in the state. The soils of Assam
can broadly be divided into four main groups, viz. alluvial soils, piedmont soils, hill soils and
lateritic soils. The alluvial soils are extensively distributed over the Brahmaputra and Barak plain
and are very fertile. The alluvial soils can further be divided into two main sub types-young alluvial
and old alluvial soils. The young alluvial soils is characterized by modern alluvium deposits. The
colour of these soils is generally gray to molted gray. On the other hand, the old alluvial soils occurs
in some patches of Kokrajgar, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, darrang, Sonitpur, Lakhimpuir and
Dhemaji district. Generally, the old alluvial soils are very deep with fine loams to coarce loams in
texture. The piedmont soils are very deep and fine to coarse loamy in texture. The hill soils are
generally found in the southern hill regions of the state. These soils are deep, dark grayish brown in
colour and fine to coarse loamy in texture. The lateritic soils are extensively occurring in N.C. Hills
district and in some parts of the southern Karbi Plateau. These soils are dark and finely textured
with heavy loams.
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Methods For Conservation of Soil.
1. Afforestation:
One of the best ways to conserve soil is to increase the area under forests. Undiscriminating
trees cutting should be stopped and efforts should be made to plant trees in new areas. 20
to 25 per cent, as they say, is the minimum area of forest land for the whole country which is

considered healthy for soil and water conservation. Nevertheless, it was raised to 33 per
cent in the second five-year plan; the proportion being 20 per cent for the plains and 60 per
cent for hilly and mountainous regions.
2. Checking Overgrazing:
Grazing is very important. But overgrazing of forests and grasslands by animals, especially

by herds and flocks of sheep, goats, should be properly checked. One can earmark separate
grazing grounds. Alternate fodder crops should be grown in larger quantities.
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 3. Constructing Dams: One of the scientific methods to check soil erosion. Soil
erosion which happens maximum by river floods can be avoided by constructing
dams across the rivers. Water speed can be checked and it considerably saves
soil from erosion.

 4. Changing Agricultural Practices: We can save a lot of our valuable soil by

bringing about certain changes in our agricultural practices. Roughly the context
is described below:
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